广西2005—2012年乙型肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Guangxi,2005-2012

目的了解广西乙型肝炎(乙肝)发病现状和流行病学特征,为制定控制策略提供科学依据。方法乙肝疫情资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述性流行病学方法对2005—2012年乙肝疫情进行分析。结果 2005—2012年广西报告乙肝病例307 302例,年均发病率为81.54/10万,2005—2012年年报告发病率(发病数)分别为:64.12/10万(29 637例)、73.64/10万(34 317例)、73.12/10万(34 507例)、78.31/10万(37 337例)、85.21/10万(41 035例)、85.29/10万(41 418例)、95.81/10万(44 099例)、96.77/10万(44 952例);0～14岁组报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,其年报告发病率(发病数)由2005年的17.52/10万(1 752例)下降至2012年7.02/10万(713例),其他各年龄组发病率均呈上升趋势;病例以20～39岁年龄组为主占50.16%(154 132/307302),男女比例为2.27∶1(213 321/93 981),职业以农民为主占59.21%(181 946/307 302)。年均发病率居前3位的市为防城港市(137.63/10万)、北海(94.70/10万)和百色(91.37/10万),年均发病率最低的市为钦州市(45.42/10万),14个市中柳州市乙肝年报告发病率呈下降趋势,北海市年报告发病率相对稳定,其他12个市年报告发病率均呈上升趋势;无明显的季节性。2005—2012年报告新生儿首针接种率为97.71%(686 200/702 300)～99.30%(738 871/744 080)。结论广西儿童乙肝报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,而成年人发病率呈逐年上升趋势。加强乙肝防治知识宣传教育、乙肝疫苗预防接种和疫情监测为主的综合防控措施是广西乙肝防控工作重点。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Guangxi and thus explore strategies and measures for prevention and control. Methods The data of hepatitis B from 2005 to 2012 were from the information system of China CDC and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 307 302 cases of hepatitis B were reported during 2005 to 2012. The annual report incidence rates were 64. 12/100 000 （29 637 cases）, 73.64/100 000 （34 317）, 73.12/100 000 （34 507）, 78. 31/100 000 （37 337）, 85. 21/100 000 （41 035）, 85. 29/100 000 （41 418）, 95. 81/100 000 （44 099）, and 96. 77/100 000 （44 952）, respectively, with average annual in cidence rate of 81.54/100 000. The annual report incidence rate decreased from 17. 52/100 000 （ 1 752 cases） in 2005 to 7.02/10 0 000 （713） in 2012 in 0 - 14 age group. Annual report incidence rates showed rising trend in other age groups. The cases were mainly concentrated in 20 -39 year group （50. 16% , 154 132/307 302 ）. The sex ratio was 2. 27：1 （213 321 males： 93 981 females）. Peasants accounted for 59. 21% （ 181 946/307 302）of the total eases of hepatitis B. The annual average incidence rates of top three cities were Fangchengang （137. 63/100 000）, Beihai（94. 70/100 000） , and Baise （91.37/100 000）, and the lowest one was Qinzhou （45.42/100 000）. Among 14 cities, the annual incidence rates were declining in Liuzhou, relatively stable in Beihai, but increasing in other 12 cities. The seasonality was not obvious. First dose of hepatitis B vaccination rates of newborns were 97. 71% （686 200/702 300） in 2005 and 99. 30% （738 871/744 080） in 2012. Conclusion Annum incidence rates of hepatitis B showed declining trend in children while rising trend in adults in Guangxi. Comprehensive preventive methods including strengthening hepatitis B surveillance and practicing hepatitis B immunization in adults should be the future focus.