《玉台新咏》所录《行路难》考述——兼论《行路难》的流传演变情况

An Examination of Difficult to Walk:Its Dissemination and Evolution

《玉台新咏》收录南朝时文人拟《行路难》诗共九首,在题材上均与女性有关,主要反映了女性的生活遭遇和情感,在形式上以七言为主。作为最初流传在民间的歌谣,《行路难》在产生之初顾名思义是感叹道路难行之意,并非挽歌,在经过袁山松的改造之后才作为挽歌在南朝广泛流传。鲍照是《行路难》发展史上一个承先启后的重要人物,他的拟《行路难》组诗中既保留有挽歌的影子,又对《行路难》在题材与风格上进行了拓展,率先将女性题材融入《行路难》之中,用绮靡的笔调与华丽的词采来抒写女性的悲哀;此外,鲍照《行路难》中那些"发唱惊挺"的篇章则被唐代李白、骆宾王与王昌龄等人所继承。

Yutaixinyong （New Odes from the Jade Terrace ） includes nine poems of Xinglunan （ Difficult to Walk ） composed in the Southern Dynasties （ 420-589 ）, with its subjects related to females, and each line mostly consisting of seven characters. At the beginning, they were popular folk songs lamenting the difficult journey, as the name suggests. After Yuan Shansong＇s adaptation, they were widely circulated in the Southern Dynasties as elegies. Bao Zhao not only preserved the original meanings, but also extended the theme and style of the poems entitled Difficult to Walk, which marked the first time the subject of females had been adopted in these poems, with an ornate style and gorgeous words to express their grief. In addition, the heroic style was inherited by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty.