明清之际西洋画在中国的传播及衰落原因探析

Study on West Painting Spread and Decadency of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清之际,西洋画在中国的传播经历了明末西洋画的初步传入、清初传播的深入发展以及清中叶传播的兴盛与衰落过程。导致西洋画在中国传播衰落的主要原因是:中国当时自给自足的封建经济对文化艺术交流的限制和束缚,还有强化的君主专制统治对思想文化的控制、西洋绘画的主要传播者的身份与目的的冲突以及文化艺术的传播规律使然。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the spread of west paintings have been through the process of preliminary spreading into China in late Ming Dynasty, further development in early Qing Dynasty and the prosperity and decline in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The main reasons of the west painting decline in China are the limits and restraints of the Chinese self - sufficient feudal economy on the cultural exchange, the despotic control on ideas and cultures, the conflicts between the identity and purpose of the preachers （the major propagators of west paintings） , and the regular pattern of cultural spread.