北京都市区多中心空间结构特征与形成机制

CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION MECHANISMS OF POLYCENTRIC SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN BEIJING METROPOLITAN AREA

探讨北京都市区多中心空间结构特征与形成机制。2008年,北京都市区共有5个就业次中心,已具备多中心空间结构特征。集聚经济和交通可达性是解释就业次中心形成的重要因素。北京都市区的就业次中心形成的可能性随距城市中心距离增加而降低,说明就业次中心虽然形成但与城市中心区比较接近,整体上都市区内就业的分散化程度有限。同时,城市规划对就业次中心的形成有引导作用,但效果并不十分显著。目前北京都市区的多中心空间结构,与北京城市总体规划中提出的市域内分散集团的空间布局仍有差距,主要是远郊区就业次中心的发育相对缓慢。研究发现,地区服务业比重的上升会显著增加就业次中心形成的可能性,说明服务业增长是北京都市区就业次中心形成的重要机制。

This paper examines the characteristics of the polycentric spatial structure in Beijing metropolitan area and investigates the determinants of the emergence of sub-centers based on a binary Logit model. We find that there existed five employment sub-centers in Beijing metropolitan area in 2008, which were mostly located in the near suburbs and around the major commercial districts, the scientific and technological parks, or the large-scale state-owned enterprises. Through analyzing the determinants of the emergence of the sub-centers, we find that agglomeration economies and transportation accessibility are the major explanations for the formation of sub-centers in Beijing metropolitan area. And the probability of the emergence of sub-centers decreases with the increase of the distance to the city center, which implies that the sub-centers emerged in Beijing metropolitan area are mostly close to the central area of the city and that the decentralization of employment in themetropolitan area is still limited in spatial scale. Meanwhile, the spatial scheme planned in the city＇s master plan can also explain the formation of the sub-centers, but not quite significantly. So far the polycentric spatial structure emerged in Beijing metropolitan area is still different from the planned spatial development scheme, mainly due to the underdevelopment of sub-centers in the outer suburbs. We also find that the rapid increase of the share of service industries in the local economy can raise the probability of the emergence of sub- centers, which implies that, with the tertiarization of Beijing＇s economy, the growth of service industries may be the important mechanism for the formation of sub-centers in Beijing metropolitan area.