阶级的解码与赋形——读詹姆逊的《政治无意识》

Decoding of Class and Its Extension:Reflection on Jameson’s Political Unconscious

《政治无意识》无疑是詹姆逊向马克思致敬的一部力作。在《政治无意识》中,詹姆逊并没有正面直接进入到阶级的言说与赋形中来,而是代之以诸多文学文本并从历史与意识形态的角度来切入展开。阶级在《政治无意识》里既是作为一种方法和视角,具有工具策略的意义,而作为一种集体意识现象,本身又构成詹姆逊的研究对象,因而也具有某种本体论的价值,这也就难怪詹姆逊为什么在强调政治视角的同时,念念不忘对辩证法的强调。在詹姆逊看来,一切阶级意识因表达了某种集体性的统一而具有乌托邦性质。

Political Unconsciousness is undoubtedly Jameson’masterpiece paying honor to Marx.In this book,Jameson started his writing by analyzing many literary texts from angles of history and ideology instead of going directly into the class discourse and explanation of its extension.Class in Political Unconsciousness is not only regarded as a kind of method and perspective having strategic significance,but also as a collective consciousness constituting the object of Jameson’s study,having some value of Ontology.That is probably why Jameson put emphasis on dialectical method while stressing the political perspective.From Jameson’s view,all the class consciousness has a characteristic of utopia for its expression of a collective unity.