新生儿桡动脉与股静脉穿刺采血的效果和安全性比较

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Blood Specimen Collection via Radial Artery and Femoral Vein Puncture in Neonates

目的比较新生儿桡动脉穿刺采血和股静脉穿刺采血的效果和安全性。方法将2010年3月-2012年2月收治的需采集血标本的180例新生儿随机分为桡动脉穿刺组和股静脉穿刺组,每组各90例,观察两组一次穿刺成功率、采血时间、采血不良事件(局部损伤)发生率,并进行统计学分析。结果与股静脉穿刺组比较,桡动脉穿刺组一次穿刺成功率高(96.6%vs.85.6%,P<0.05),采血时间短[(4.10±1.04)min vs.(6.40±1.21)min,P<0.01]。桡动脉穿刺组发生局部损伤7例,包括血肿2例,青紫淤斑5例;股静脉穿刺组发生局部损伤34例,包括血肿11例,青紫淤斑17例,红肿6例。桡动脉穿刺组采血不良事件发生率明显低于股静脉穿刺组(7.8%vs.37.8%,P<0.01)。结论新生儿桡动脉穿刺采血是一种简单有效安全的采血方法,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of blood specimen collection of neonates via radial artery and femo- ral vein puncture. Methods From March 2010 to February 2012,one hundred and eighty neonates were performed with blood specimen collection, and randomly divided into radial artery puncture group and femoral vein puncture group with 90 eases in each group. The success rate of one-time puncture, time of blood sampling, and incidence of adverse events associated with puncture （local damage） were compared between 2 groups. Results Comparing with femoral vein puncture group,a significantly higher success rate of one-time puncture （96.6% vs. 85.6%, P 〈 0.05 ） and shorter time of blood sampling [ （ 4.10 ~ 1.04 ） min vs. （6.4 ~ 1.21 ）min, P 〈 0.01 ） ] were observed in radial artery puncture group. For radial artery puncture group, the local damage occurred in 7 eases, including 2 cases of hematoma,5 cases of bruising/peteehiae. For femoral vein puncture group,local damage occurred in 34 cases, including 11 cases of hematoma, 17 cases of bruising/petechiae, and 6 cases of red swelling. The incidence of adverse events associated with puncture in radial artery puncture blood group was significantly lower than that in femoral vein puncture group （7.8 % vs. 37.8 %, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Neonatal radial artery puncture is a simple, effective and safe meth- ods of blood sampling, which is worthy of clinical application.