不同生物有机肥对设施栽培西兰花生长、品质与效益的影响分析

Effects of Different Types of Bio-fertilizer on Growth, Quality and Benefit of Brassica oleracea var. italica with Protecting Culture

采用3种生物肥料(茶渣肥、井上政和黄腐酸钾)为A因子、3种施肥水平为B因子、3种种植密度为C因子的正交设计方法,研究对设施栽培连作西兰花生长、品质与效益的影响。结果表明:不同的生物肥料种类及其施用量、种植密度诸因子对西兰花的株高、倒四叶叶宽、叶片展开度均不产生显著影响,对叶片、倒四叶叶长、球茎高、单球重、产量均有显著影响。西兰花的产量(y)与倒四叶的叶长(x1)、叶片(x3)、球茎高(x5)和单球重(x6)呈显著或极显著相关,其回归方程为:y=19762.8-722x1-1306.1x3+6610.3x5-88.5x(6P<0.01)。三种生物肥料对西兰花的蛋白质、维生素C、矿质元素钾、钠、钙、铁等产生不同程度的影响,尤为黄腐酸钾能明显改善西兰花的品质,提高维生素C含量。影响西兰花产量、产值及效益的大小因子依次为施肥水平(B因子)>种植密度(C因子)>生物肥料种类(A因子),施肥水平(B因子)对产量、产值、净收入的贡献率占41%～49%,种植密度(C因子)贡献率占33%～36%,肥料种类(A因子)贡献率最小仅17%～22%。每种生物肥在设施栽培连作西兰花上应用,在适宜的种植密度条件下,取得高产优质施肥量均有一定的阀值。

It is applied to investigate the effects of different bio-fertilizers on growth, quality and benefit of Brassica oleracea var. italica in protecting culture by the orthogonal test of three kinds of factors, which including biological fertilizer as for A factor （i.e, Tea Dregs Organic-inorganic Active fertilizer, Inoue Masa microbial fertilizer and fulvic acid potassium）, fertilization levels as for B factor, and planting density as for C factor. The results demonstrate that the experiment has significant influences on leaves, leaf length in the fourth leaf from the top, bulb height, one ball weighs and the yield, and no influence on plant height, broad leave in the fourth leaf from the top and blade. The leaf length in the fourth leaf from the top （x1）, leaves （x3）, bulb height （x5）, one ball weighs （x6）are significantly correlated with the yield of Brassica oleracea vat. italica. Their regression equation is y=19762.8-722x1-1306.1x3＋6610.3x5-88.5x6 （P 〈 0.01）. Three bio-fertilizers have influenced protein, vitamin C, inorganic mineral elements such as potassium, sodium calcium, and iron and other components in varying degrees and markedly improved the quality of Brassica oleracea var. italica., especially with fulvic acid potassium. Its impact on yield, output value and net income in Brassica oleracea vat. itcdica, orders as B 〉 C 〉 A. Contributions of fertilizer rate （B factor） to yield, output value and net income in Brassica oleracea var. italica, amount to 41% - 49%, plant density （C factor） 33% - 36%, and fertilizer type （A factor） only 17% - 22%. With suitable plant density, each bio-fertilizer rate has a certain threshold value which is applied in Brassica oleracea var. italica, of protected culture to obtain high yield and high quality.