广西及云南贫困地区小学生的营养现状及学校膳食情况

Investigation of nutritional status of pupils and dietary survey in primary schools in poor counties of Guangxi and Yunnan

目的了解我国贫困地区小学生的营养现状,为制定营养相关的援助工作提供基线资料。方法选取广西和云南国家级贫困县共9所学校2046名小学生作为研究对象,内容包括医学体检、血红蛋白的测定和膳食调查,并采用WHO 2007年制定的儿童生长发育标准评价学生的营养状况。结果广西和云南贫困地区6～14岁小学生的生长迟缓检出率为34.3%,消瘦检出率为6.5%,贫血患病率为20.5%。当地学校食堂提供的膳食以植物性食物为主,动物性食物偏低,烹调用油主要是猪油,每日学校膳食人均提供的能量为6233.59kJ,蛋白质为36.36g,维生素A为179.15μg,维生素B1为0.57mg,维生素B2为0.37mg,维生素C为53.67mg,钙为163.14mg,均未达到推荐摄入量或适宜摄入量。结论广西及云南贫困地区小学生慢性营养不良现象依然严重,当地学校食堂提供的膳食种类较单一,不能满足小学生对能量、蛋白质和微量营养素的需求。

Objective To understand the nutritional status of pupils and to provide basic evidence for the nutritional interventions.Methods The subjects of the study were 2046 pupils from 9 primary schools in poor counties of Guangxi and Yunnan.The contents of the investigation included medical physical examination,haematoglobin determination and dietary survey.Nutritional Status was evaluated according to WHO growth standards.Results The prevalence of stunting and wasting in children from 6 to 14 years old in poor areas of Guangxi and Yunnan were 34.3% and 6.5% respectively.The anemia prevalence of them was 20.5%.The diet provided by the canteens of local school was mainly composed of plant food.Animal food was deficient.The cooking oil in local school was most of lard oil.The per pupil average daily intake of energy,protein,thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin C and calcium was 1491.29kcal,36.36g,179.15ug,0.57mg,0.37mg,53.67mg and 163.14mg respectively,which were lower than RNI or AI.Conclusion The chronic malnutrition of pupils in poor areas is still serious.The variety of food provided by the canteens of local school is quite single,and the quality of the meals is low.Intakes of energy,protein and micronutrient from school diet are insufficient for pupils.