“好不AP”的构式新解——兼谈词汇压制下的构式稳定性

从构式视角重新考察羡余否定类"好不AP"结构,发现它与程度强调构式和元语言否定构式存在缺省继承关系,其构式义为"不只是AP,而是很AP",因包含明示递进关系而有别于对上述二源构式语义的简单组合。构式中"好"使"不"被阐释为元语言的否定标记,AP具有可分级性,其极性的强弱决定具体"好不AP"构式稳定性的高低。通过提出构式稳定性的概念,并追溯其根源——词汇义与构式义互动过程中一种新型词汇压制,本文为歧义结构的解读提供了新的切入视角。

＂Hao ＋bu ＋ AP＂ marked as redundant negation is re- examined from the constructional perspective by this study. It is found that the ＂hao ＋ bu ＋ AP＂ construction is motivated by the emphasis construction ＂hao ＋ AP＂ and the construction for met-alinguistic negation ＂bu ＋ AP＂. Interpreted as much more than AP, the construction ＂hao ＋ bu ＋ AP＂ not only inherits the meanings of its source constructions but also deviates from them by making explicit the increase of degree. In this construction, ＂hao＂ enables the interpretation of ＂bu＂ as the marker of met-alinguistic negation, and AP, with a gradable nature, determines the stability of the construction. Analyzed in the above way, the ＂hao ＋ bu ＋ AP＂ construction also reveals a new type of lexical coercion in the interaction between lexical meaning and con-structional meaning, which may shed new light on the interpreta-tion of ambiguous structures.