欧美孤儿作品问题解决方案的反思与比较——兼论我国《著作权法》相关条款的修改

Comparative Study of Orphan Work Problem in US & EU——A concurrent discussion on the Third Amendment of Chinese Copyright Act

欧洲的孤儿作品问题解决方案仅针对公共文化机构,且有公共借阅权、著作权集体管理延伸、著作权补偿金等配套制度,因此欧盟《孤儿作品指令》之通过相对顺利;而美国的孤儿作品方案尝试解决商业性使用中"找不到权利人"洽谈这一"市场失灵"问题,欲设立一种类似强制许可的制度以限制权利人可依法获得的救济,这一方案触动了版权法根基,故其《孤儿作品法案》一直处于讨论状态。我国《著作权法》第三次修改增加了关于孤儿作品问题的规定,这一思路类似美国方案而相对粗略,其合理性和可行性需要进一步论证。

The EU Directive on Orphan Works was adopted without obstacle because this proposal only concerns certain uses of orphan work by the public cultural institutions.On the other hand,the US orphan work proposals trying to resolve the problem of ＂market failure＂ caused by the difficulty of identifying copyright owner in commercial use aim to set up a new type of compulsory license,which touches the balance of present copyright law.Considering the fact that the Bill of Orphan Work Act in US has been left aside for more than 5 years,the orphan work provisions added in Chinese Copyright Law Amendment following US commercial use model yet a vague one,should be discussed deep and reflected carefully.