技术进步偏向定义及其测度

The Identification of Factor-biased Technical Change

本文从技术进步偏向原始定义出发梳理各种概念之间的异同，在CES生产函数数理化设定下，清晰地展现增强型、偏向型技术进步之间的关联和差异，并详细考察了希克斯偏向型技术进步和哈罗德偏向型技术进步。基于中国1978-2011年时间序列数据估算了要素替代弹性、要素增强型技术进步和偏向型技术进步。结果表明：资本与劳动的替代弹性约为0．78，资本与劳动互补；劳动生产效率上升而资本生产效率有所下降；希克斯技术进步和哈罗德技术进步大体上都是偏向资本的。技术进步偏向和速度对于中国经济至关重要。

This paper combs out the biased technical change from their original definition,to identify the definition of factor-augmenting and factor-biased technical change under the CES production function.The Hicks' factor-biased technical change and Harrod's factor-biased technical change is detailed studied in this paper.The elasticity of substitution,factor-augmenting technical change and factor-biased technical change is measured based on the period 1978-2011 of China.The results show that:The elasticity of substitution is approximately 0.78,capital and labor is complementary,labor efficiency rises and capital efficiency declines,and the direction of technical change under the definition of Hicks as well as Harrod is mainly capital-biased.The direction and speed of technology change is vital for Chinese economy.