中学历史教学的知识传授与历史素养培养

Knowledge Impartation and Training of Historical Attainments of History Teaching in Middle Schools

历史素养培养要求更新和调整知识观,在知识传授上,注重知识+知识的"酶化"。中学历史教学中的知识传授大致有三方面内容:具体史实内容,由史实串联组成的相关知识系统,以及由史实和知识系统传导出的历史氛围。历史素养培养更要关注历史知识的消化、分解、提炼和转化,关注它是不是发生了利于吸收、转化为有益于人文精神和道德情操提升的"酶化"。提高史实的"可溶解"程度,是知识"酶化"的基础和前提;而要加深对一个具体知识的了解与认识,就需要把它放到一定的知识系统中,通过认清知识之间的联系,更好地认识和把握每个知识的重要性和意义;同时,利用真实的史实和知识系统所包含的丰富历史信息,营造出具有强烈历史感的特殊氛围,也是促进知识"酶化"的有效方式。

The training of historical attainments demands us to update and adjust the concept of knowledge. As far as imparting knowledge is concerned, we must pay attention to the ＂enzymatic＂ of knowledge plus knowledge. Imparting knowledge in the history teaching in middle school includes three aspects： the specific historical facts, and the system of relevant knowledge which is linked up by historical facts, and the historical atmosphere which is conducted from the historical facts and the system of knowledge. The training of historical attainments asks us to pay more attention to the digestion, decomposition, refinery and transformation of historical knowledge and to figure out whether the ＂enzymatic＂ which is good for absorption and the promotion of humanistic spirit and moral sentiments has happened. Improving the degree of the dissolution of historical facts is the basis and premise of knowledge ＂enzymatic＂. Whereas deepening the understanding and comprehension of a specific knowledge requests us to put it into a certain knowledge system. By means of recognizing the connections between knowledge, we can better understand and grasp the importance and meaning of knowledge, and meanwhile, making use of the abundant historical information which is included in the real historical facts and the system of knowledge can create a special atmosphere imbued with an intense sense of history, which is also an effective way of promoting knowledge ＂enzymatic＂.