青年女性乳腺癌201例临床病理分析

Clinical pathological analysis of 201 young women with breast cancer

目的 探讨青年女性乳腺癌的临床病理特点。方法 回顾性分析 201例35岁以下青年女性乳腺癌（青年组）的临床及病理资料，并与随机数字表法分段抽取同期收治的60岁以上老年女性乳腺癌251例（老年组）进行比较，所有病例均经手术治疗及病理证实。结果 青年组乳腺癌病程≤6个月者所占比例高于老年组[82.09 %（165／201）、72.11 %（181／251）]，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6.19，P＜0.05）；青年组原发肿瘤直径≤2 cm的患者比例低于老年组[19.90 %（40／201）、30.28 %（76／251）]（χ2＝6.302，P＜0.05），淋巴结转移率高于老年组[63.68 %（128／201）、54.19 %（136／251）]（χ2＝4.145，P＜0.05）；青年组0～Ⅰ期患者比例低于老年组[11.94 %（24／201）、17.53 %（44／251）]（χ2＝2.729，P＞0.05）。 结论 青年乳腺癌患者就诊时肿瘤直径大，pTNM分期晚，淋巴结转移率高，病情进展较快，危险性较高，但患者警惕性较低。应大力提倡自我体检、定期体检，力争早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗。

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics in young women with breast cancer. Methods The clinicopathological data of 201 cases of breast cancer with age below 35 years from Apr. 1997 to Apr. 2010 in Anyang Tumor Hospital were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 251 cases of breast cancer patients selected randomly with age more than 60 years during the same period. All these cases had undergone surgical treatment and been confirmed by pathologist. Results In the young group, the percentage of patients with the course of disease less than six months was higher than that of the old-aged group [82.09 % （165/201）, 72.11 % （181/251）] （χ2 = 6.19, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of the tumor size ≤ 2 cm in the young group was less than that of the old-aged group [19.90 % （40/201）, 30.28 % （76/251）] （χ2 = 6.302, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence rate of metastasis of lymph nodes in the young group was less than that of the old-aged group [63.68 % （128/201）, 54.19 % （136/251）] （χ2 = 4.145, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence rate of stage 0~Ⅰ in the young group was more than that of the old-aged group [11.94 % （24/201）, 17.53 % （44/251）] （χ2 = 2.729, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion The tumor size in the young group is larger than that in the old-aged group, pTNM classification in the young group is later than that in the latter group and the incidence rate of metastasis of lymph nodes in the young group is higher than that in the latter group. In young patients with breast cancer the percentage of tumors with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis are more than that in elder breast cancer patients. In addition, these young patients have lower awareness to mammary adenocarcinoma. Young ladies should examine breast cancer by themselves and go to hospital for regular inspections in order to discovere, diagnose and treat cancer earlier.