明代入计制度与入计诗文的系年考订——以袁宏道作品系年订讹为中心的实际案例

A Study of the Relationship between the Ruji-system(入计制度) and the Written Time of Ruji-works(入计诗文)——Practical Case to Correct the Mistakes of Chronicling Yuan Hongdao's Works

明制,每逢辰、戌、丑、未之年,外官提前到京朝贺当年正朔,随后接受考核,即所谓"朝觐考察"或"外察",明人习称"入计"、"入觐"等,围绕入计,创作了相当数量的送行、纪行诗文的"入计诗文"。这是客观存在的文学与文化现象。以袁宏道关键作品的系年研究为例,借助入计制度的时限规定,可以有效地进行考订与校误。这对明代其他入计诗文的系年也有着同样的方法论的意义。

Abstract： In Ming dynasty, there was a state system in which the officials of local government must go to the capital to visit the emperor for celebrating New Year in the years of Dragon, Dog, Cattle or Goat according to the traditional Chinese calendar and then the officials were to be checked on by the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs. It was called Ruff or Chaojin ＆ Kaocha -system. When the system was operated, many poems or articles were written to see off the officials. These works can be called ＂Ruff-works＂. It was an objectively existing fact of literature and culture. The works can be chronicled by the system. For exam- ple, some of Yuan I-Iongdao＇s articles were chronicled correctly, and this method can be applied to the works of other authors.