嘉庆朝开禁京控与吏治治理

The Prohibition of Capital Appealing and Management Governance of Jiaqing Dynasty

为了打破和珅专擅引发的官场疲玩懈怠,嘉庆帝在处置和珅后便采取了广开言路、开禁京控等举措,借以掌控帝国动态、调控官场。京控呈报和审理方式的转变,不仅将全部京控案件完全纳入皇帝视野,而且还提供了重要的社会信息。虽然京控开禁在信息控制、调控官场方面确实发挥了一定功效,却很难实现皇帝借此治理吏治的期望。皇帝在派员委审与交由督抚之间的踌躇与转换,不仅是对官僚体制的估量不足,更是其所面临之两难境地的直接反映。此种举措只能在某种程度上缓解或消弭制度漏洞所引发的危机,而非治本之策。

In order to break the phenomenon of official sluggish resulted from the authorization of Heshen, the Emperor Jiaqing encouraged the free airing of views and rescinded the prohibition of capital appealing after executing Heshen. The purpose of those measures was to control the dynamic of the empire and regulate officialdom. The change of the method of report and Judg- ment not only made all capital appealing cases put in perspective of emperor, but also provided some important social informa- tion. Although the prohibition of capital appealing in indeed played an important role in controlling information and regulating of- ficialdom, it is difficult to realize the expectation of rectifying official management. The hesitation and conversion between imperi- and governors were not only the inadequate understanding of the bureaucratic system, but also the direct reflec- tion of the dilemma. Therefore, to some extent, such measures can only mitigate the crisis caused by the loopholes of system, but can not be the fundamental solution of the problem.