莱州湾及黄河口水域地理学特征与鱼类多样性(英文)

The geographical characteristics and fish species diversity in the Laizhou Bay and Yellow River estuary

以历史和调查资料为基础，介绍了莱州湾及黄河三角洲的地理位置及其发育史，指出莱州湾是一个年轻的海湾，而黄河三角洲则是一个不稳定的河口三角洲。莱州湾地质构造复杂，东部为上升区，西部属沉陷区；黄河三角洲则属于淤泥岸坡，沉积物是从东向西，由南向北逐渐细化为特征。其水文特征因地处暖温带北缘，属季风气候区。在陆上气候、黄河冲淡水和黄海冷水团交互影响下，本水域形成温、盐季节变化显著，适时针环流、往复流性质的潮流及以 Ｍ２潮汐余流占主要地位的余流特征。出现的鱼类共有４６科，９６种，几乎覆盖黄渤海软骨和真骨鱼类的主要科、属及其习见种类，但无地方特有种。与黄渤海３２６种鱼类相比，仍属黄渤海生物区系的贫乏化表现。在适温类型上，仍以暖温种占优势，占６３．５４％，暖水、冷温种分别占２０．０４％和１０．４２％，无冷水种。其生态分布型，洄游性鱼类占优势，为 ５６．２５％，定居型占３６．４６％，河口性鱼类仅占７．２９％。认为现代莱州湾与黄河口水域的短暂发育史难以产生高丰度的物种多样性，同时，该水域的水文特征也不利于生物多样性的发展；还探讨了地质条件与鱼类生物多样性分布关系和黄河径流锐减将危及鱼类生物多样性与渔业资源问题。

This paper analyzed the history, topography and sedimentary characteristics of the Laizhou Bay and Yellow River estuary, and their relationships with fish species diversity. This region has a relatively short geological history of about 10 000 years, which determines a low level of fish species diversity. There are 96 fish species belonging to 46 families, of which the temporal and spatial distributions are closely related to the topography and sedimentary in this region. The sharp decrease of fresh water discharge from the Yellow River recent years threatens the fishery resources, fish species diversity and ecosystem in the Yellow and Bobal Sea.