试析日本政党政治的危机

On the Crisis of Party Politics in Japan

20世纪90年代以来,日本政党政治的危机主要表现为:政治冷漠症蔓延,政党分化重组频繁、政局动荡,政治对立轴的缺乏,政党政治异化为朋党政治,"剧场政治"盛行,极端主义渐行其道,统治能力低下和非传统政治力量的兴起。导致危机的因素主要有:保守政治势力长期追求实现"总体保守化"的影响,经济持续低迷、政治主题转化的影响,社会转型、原有政党的社会基础风化的影响,政党组织结构的影响和两院制国会的影响。凡此可见其无法在短期内摆脱政党政治的危机。

Since the 1990s,major symptoms of the crisis of Japan's party politics have included: widespread political apathy,frequent divisions and reorganizations of political parties,instability of administrations,lack of opposition axis of the political aspect,alienation of party politics into cabal politics,prevalence of'performance politics,'infestation of extremism,incapable governance and the rise of nontraditional political powers.Major causes leading to the crisis include:(1) the impact of the conservative political power's continuous attempts to realize 'overall conservative situation';(2) long-term economic depression and the shift of political topics;(3) social reformation that undermines the original social basis of political parties;(4) the impact of the organizational structures of the political parties;and(5) the impact of the bicameral parliament.As a result,Japan will not be able to get rid of the crisis of party politics in a short term.