基于X射线的新一代深空无线通信

Next Generation of Space Wireless Communication Technology Based on X-ray

在空间无线通信的研究应用方面,微波和激光通信技术已比较成熟,但是也存在传输距离、通信速率有限等瓶颈问题,严重制约未来的深空应用.X射线由于波长短、穿透能力强,当X射线光子能量大于10keV(λ<0.1nm)时,在太空中几乎是无衰减的传输.因此可望在较小的体积、重量、功耗下实现远距离太空传输.然而,在我国对于X射线通信的应用研究目前尚属空白,美国航空航天局也刚刚提出并将此技术称为"革命性的概念".因此,利用X射线作为信息载体的新概念空间通信方法的研究具有重要的科学意义及应用前景,X射线通信技术不仅将对已有的微波和激光通信技术起到很好的补充,而且还能在微波和激光受到屏蔽的通信场合发挥独特作用.开展基于X射线的深空无线通信技术研究,主要包括开展X射线空间通信的传输理论研究,开展大功率、宽频带(GHz)X射线脉冲调制发射技术的研究,开展快速、极微弱X射线探测技术的研究,开展X射线深空通信的捕获、跟踪与对准技术的研究,以及开展高效率纠错编码理论与技术的研究.

In the field of space wireless communication, laser and microwave technology have become mature, but bottleneck problems such as the limited transmission distance, the limited communication rate and so on already exist, which restrict the future applications in deep space. As a result of its short wavelength and great penetrability, X-ray has no attenuation for transmission in space when its photon energy is more than 10keV （λ〈0. lnm）. Thus, via X-ray, a communication technology of long distance signal transmission in space can be achieved with smaller volume, lower weight and lower power. However, studies on X-ray communication and its applications still remain blank in China presently. X-ray communication was proposed and defined as a ＂revolutionary concept＂ by National Aeronautics and Space Administration of USA just a short time ago. Thus, the study on this novel space communication method with a new conception by using X-ray as information carrier will have a great scientific significance and applicable prospect. X-ray communication technology will not only be a good complement to laser and microwave communications, but will also have a unique performance on those occasions where laser and microwave could have been shielded. Study on space wireless communication technology based on X-ray will include： the theoretical research on X-ray space transmission; the research on a high power and wide bandwidth（GHz） modulated X-ray source for pulse signal; the research on high speed, week signal of X-ray detection technology~ the research on acquisition, tracking and pointing technology of X-ray space communication; the research on high efficient coding theory and technology.