中美救护车车载物品比较

Comparison with the Supplies and Equipment Carried on Ambulance between the United State and China

救护车车载物品是院前急救的基础和保障,对院前急救的效率和质量具有十分重要的意义。本文总结并分析了美国救护车车载物品和院前急救的特点:更加注重院前急救人员的个人防护;更加注重对患者的救出;更加注重心脏按压板的运用;更加注重急救箱物品配置的科学性;更加注重对普通物品的利用;更加注重患者的转运。美国西雅图20世纪70年代抢救5 120例院外猝死患者,复苏成功至康复出院者达28.9%;我国上海医疗救护中心1999年抢救猝死患者4 374名,复苏成功率1.35%。我国院前抢救猝死的成功率明显低于美国,或与中美救护车车载物品的不同相关。了解美国救护车车载物品的特点,对我国的院前急救或有借鉴作用。

The supplies and equipment carried on ambulance is the foundation and guarantee of pre--hospital emergency care, it is significant for the efficiency and result of pre--hospital emergency care. This paper made a summary and analy- sis of the characteristic for the supplies and equipment carried on ambulance and the pre--hospital emergency care in Amer- ican： pay more attention to the personal safety of prehospital emergency personal; pay more attention to the extrication for patient; pay more attention to the utilizing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR）board; pay more attention to the scien- tificalness of allocation for the jump kit; pay more attention to the using of ordinary goods; pay more attention to the pa- tient transfer. The emergency medical personal rescued 5,120 sudden death patients out hospital in Seattle of the United States in 1970s,and the rate of successful resuscitation was 28.9%; the emergency medical personal of Shanghai emergen- cy medical center rescued 4,374 sudden death patients out hospital in Shanghai in 1999,and the rate of successful resuscita- tion was 1.35%; Obviously, the rate of successful resuscitation for sudden death patients out hospital in China is much lower than that in the United States. It is probably related with the difference in ambulance equipment between the United States and China. Knowing this could be beneficial and referential for the pre--hospital emergency care in our country.