本地含量采办政策在哈萨克斯坦国内的应用及建议

Application of local content acquisition policy in Kazakhstan and recommendations

2009-2012年,哈萨克斯坦政府在商品、工程、服务采办及国内企业用工人员比例方面推出了一系列保护政策及法规,即"本地含量政策",企业在哈国境内采购的哈国制造的商品及拥有哈国国籍的人员所提供的服务、工程,一般要达到企业全部采购量的一定百分比。本地含量采办针对的是单个采购合同。经过调整和完善,本地含量的计算方法更加量化和准确。本地采办政策在哈萨克斯坦萨姆鲁克基金会(SK)系统中的应用主要表现为优先采购、招标优惠与合同预付款;在哈油气部系统中,主要表现为油气开采企业与油气部签署的《石油天然气合同》附件中由哈国政府规定的"年度本地采办义务"。本地含量采办政策具有强制性、扶持性和监督性。为减少本地采办政策带来的影响,中方在哈投资的企业应多开发市场资源,提高采办质量;在遵守哈国政策的同时,尽力降低石油合同中的本地采办义务。

From 2009 to 2012 the Government of Kazakhstan issued a series of policies and regulations, called 'local content policies', related to commodities, construction, procurement services and the required proportion of domestic employees. The Kazakhstan-made commodities procured by foreign enterprises should constitute a certain minimum percentage of all the purchases by the enterprises according to the policies; the same applies to the proportion of labor with Kazakh nationality that provides services and construction. These local content policies apply at the single procurement contract level. After several updates the evaluation methods have become more reasonable and accurate. Local content policies are applied in the Kazakhstan Sam Luke Foundation (i.e. SK) System to assure priority of procurement, preferential purchasing, preferential tendering prices and advance payment. In the oil and gas sector, the policies mainly impose an 'obligation of annual local procurement' which is an appendix to any oil and gas contract signed between oil and gas exploration companies and the Kazakh Ministry of Oil and Gas. The policies are mandatory, supportive and supervisory. In order to avoid risk, Chinese companies should develop a potential resources market, improve the quality of procurement and try to lower the obligation of local procurement in oil contracts in compliance with Kazakh policy.