高矮秆夏谷个体发育差异及产量形成特点的研究

Study on the developing characteristics of individual plant and yield formation in high and dwarf plant types of summer millet.

通过对高矮秆夏谷品种个体发育过程的研究及性状变化与小区产量的相关分析,证明高矮秆夏谷个体发育及产量形成存在着差异。矮秆比高秆品种前期发育早,其值体灌浆期干物质积累和转移变化不明显,籽粒产量主要源于开花后的光合产物积累;高秆品种植体灌浆期于物质积累和转移变化明显,籽粒产量源于植体中的营养转移和开花后的光合产物积累。根据高秆与矮秆品种的形态和个体发育特点,对矮秆品种施行窄行距密植,促使其前期幼苗生长,重视后期植体功能期的延长;对高秆品种施行宽行距适当密植,避免灌浆后期植体营养积累较多和贪青晚熟,有利于谷子高产。

The developing characteristics of individual plant and the correlation of these character-istics with grain yield were studied for summer foxtail millet(Setaria Italic L. Beauv.)of high and dwarf plant types. The results showed that the difference between high and dwarf plants existed in individual growing progress and grain yield formation. The development of dwarf plant at prophase was earlier than that of high plant. The nutrient accumulation and translation during the period of head milking in high plant were significant,but those of the dwarf plant were not. The grain yield formation of dwarf plant was mainly from the outcome of photosynthesis after flower,but that of the high plant was from the nutrient transferred from plant and the outcome of photosynthesis af-ter flower. According the growth feature and developing characteristics of millet,the dwarf plant should be planted in narrow row and high density;the high plant should be planted in wide row and suitable density. Promoting early stage development and keeping long lived organ at later stage should be adopted in dwarf plant. The high plant should avoid more nutrient accumulating at ma-turing stage and avoid late-maturing. By this way,high yield can be expected.