三林地区育龄夫妇预防出生缺陷知识态度行为调查

Knowledge,attitude and behavior investigation on the early pregnant couples about birth defects in Sanlin area

目的:了解浦东新区三林地区育龄夫妇掌握出生缺陷知识的水平及其对此的态度及相关行为,为以社区为基础的出生缺陷一级提供依据,为做好优生优育预防知识的宣传提供参考。方法:用问卷调查方式,对2012年4月至9月在上海浦东新区三林社区卫生服务中心建立孕妇手册的夫妇进行调查。结果:共收回问卷403份,其中有效问卷391份,有效应答率97.02%。调查结果显示,三林地区育龄夫妇对于优生相关知识的知晓率在42.20%～97.95%;优生知识信息来源途径依次为网络(73.91%),医务工作者与计生人员(71.61%),书刊报纸(63.43%),电视广播(50.13%);婚前医学检查率为55.50%,孕前医学检查率42.97%,产前医学检查率为98.50%,计划妊娠率68.29%。结论:育龄夫妇普遍知晓预防出生缺陷基本知识,但不全面,大多数夫妇对优生有积极态度和行为。孕前和孕早期是出生缺陷预防的关键时期,拓宽孕前-围孕保健范围,找准出生缺陷一级干预的切入点,更好地为育龄夫妇提供孕前-围孕保健服务。

Objective： To study the current status of the knowledge, attitude and behavior of birth defect prevention among the ear- ly pregnant couples in Sanlin area of Pudong New District in order to provide the support for the community - based first level prevention of the birth defect, and provide reference for the publicity of prenatal and postnatal care. Methods： A questionnaire survey was made among the early pregnant couples who had established maternal Manual during the year of 2012 from April to September in Sanlin Community Health Service Center. Results： Among the 403 collected questionnaires, 391 were valid with an effective rate of 97.02%. The survey results indi-cated the awareness rate towards the eugenic related knowledge was range from 42. 20% to 97.95% among the couples of childbearing age in Sanlin area. The percentages of sources of the Eugenic knowledge obtained from were internet （73.91%）, medical staffs （71.61%）, books and newspaper （63.43%）, and TV broadcasting （50. 13% ） . The rates for premarital medical examination, pre -pregnancy medi- cal examination, medical prenatal examination and planned pregnancy were 55.50%, 42. 97%, 98. 50% and 68.29%. Conclusion： Cou- ples of childbearing age widely know the basics of preventing birth defects but not in a comprehensive degree. Majority of the couples have the positive attitude and action towards the promotion of eugenics. The critical time period of preventing birth defects is before the pregnancy and during the early stage of pregnancy. It is necessary to broaden the preconception and periconceptional care range in order to locate the entry points of level - one intervention and health education accurately.