论我国未成年人监护监督制度

On Our Adolescent Guardianship

为有效保护未成年人人身、财产合法权益,《中华人民共和国民法通则》设立了监护制度,构建了未成年人监护基本制度和原则;《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行<中华人民共和国民法通则>若干问题的意见(试行)》对未成年人监护制度进行了一些补充规定;《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》确立了未成年人权利优先的原则。一定意义上讲,我国未成年人监护制度已初步形成一定的体系,但随着社会的不断发展,有些规定突显出它的不足,如:现行立法依赖亲属监护;缺乏行之有效的监护监督机制;监护监督制度几乎空白,等等。国外关于监护监督制度的规定较为完善,有可借鉴之处。基于此,考虑从建立对监护人监督机制等方面完善现行监护监督制度,包括设立监护监督人并明确监护监督人的职责,由民政部门作为行政监督机构,具体化监护监督措施,等等,以更好地维护未成人合法权益。

The General Rule of the Civil Law of the PRC set up guardianship system to protect legal rights and interests of juveniles effectively and build the basic system and principle of guardianship. Some comple- mentary regulations are amended in Opinions of the Supreme People＇s Court on Several Issues concerning the Ira-plementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People＇s Republic of China （For Trial tion）. The law of the protection of juveniles clarified the norm of juveniles＇right priority. In certain sense, the system has formed its scope. However, with social progress, some regulations show weaknesses, such as de- pendence on the relatives in current legislation, lack of effective supervision and guardianship, almost vacancy of the system, etc. Comparatively improved foreign guardianship deserves us to draw their references. So the guardianship should be improved from perfecting current system, including the setting of superintendent, defi-nition of their duties, civil administration department＇s functioning as supervisory organ, detailed measurement of guardianship, etc. , so as to protect iuveniles＇valid rights better.