中国水资源利用的比较优势分析——以浙江、湖南、青海省为例

Analysis of the Comparative Advantages of Water Resources Utilization in China——For example with Zhejiang, Qinghai, and Hunan province

本文立足于全国,选取在水资源利用方面较典型的东部浙江省、中部湖南省和西部青海省作为研究对象;运用比较优势理论及水资源利用比较优势的计算模型,对东、中、西部三个省区水资源利用的比较优势进行计算和分析。研究表明:①浙江、湖南以及青海三省的生产用水比较优势存在不同程度的部门差异,其中以湖南省的生产用水部门差异最为明显。②三省的生活用水比较优势存在部门差异,但不如生产用水差异显著。③三省的生产用水比较优势存在较大的区域差异,浙江省的工业用水比较优势度最大,湖南省的农业用水比较优势度最大;④三省的生活用水比较优势度亦存在区域差异,优势度最大的是浙江、其次是湖南,最后是青海。⑤各省的水资源利用比较优势存在差异与自然条件、经济发展、城市化率、居民节水意识等诸多因素相关。

Based on the nationwide, the authors selected Zhejiang province in the east, Hunan province in the center and Qinghai province in the west as research object, which are the typical examples of water resources utilization. The theory of comparative advantage and the comparative advantages of use of water resources of calculation model were utilized to calculate and analyze the comparative advantages in Chinese eastern, central and western provinces. Results indicated that： ① There are different degrees of department differences in the production water comparative advantage in these three provinces, of which Hunan is the obvious one; ②There exist department differences in the domestic water of three provinces, which differences are not as significant as the production water; ③There are large regional differences in the production water, of which industrial water in Zhejiang is the largest comparative advantage degree and agricultural water in Hunan is the largest one; ④There also exist regional differences in the domestic water, tile biggest advantage degree is Zhejiang, followed by Hunan, and the last one is Qinghai; ⑤ The natural conditions, economic development, urbanization rate, residents＂ water saving consciousness and etc connecting the differences of comparative advantage resources utilization in China were showed in this paper