基于财务视角的不同业态零售企业核心竞争力实证分析

本文从财务的视角运用结构方程模型研究五大竞争能力要素与核心竞争力的关系,对国内54家零售业上市公司的核心竞争力进行排行分析,并分四种业态对核心竞争力排名前4-5名的上市公司进行不同业态的竞争力对比分析。研究表明:超级市场整体核心竞争力最强,其他依次为混业经营业态、百货经营业态和专业店经营业态;四种业态均表现出好的营运能力,不同零售业态中皆已成长出具有一定规模竞争力的上市公司,如家电业态中的苏宁电器、百货业态中的王府井、混业经营中的大商股份等,但绝大多数零售业上市公司表现为规模实力弱、财务结构良莠不齐、发展能力和盈利能力弱的特征。

This article researched the relation between five elements of competition ability and core competitiveness from the financial perspective with the structural equation model. The rank of the core competence about fifty - four retail listed companies was analyzed, and comparative analysis of four formats was employed according to core competitiveness ranking top four and five listed companies. The research showed that the overall core competitiveness of supermarkets was the strongest, followed by mixed operation management, general merchandise and specialty store. The four formats showed their good operation abilities, and competitive listed companies have been developed in every format, such as Sunning Appliance in the household electrical appliance industry, Wangfujing in general merchandise, Dashang in mixed operation management and so on. But the vast majority of retail listed companies have feeble scales and strengths, uneven financial structures and poor development and profit abilities.