德庆县2009～2011年疑似预防接种异常反应监测数据分析

Analysis on monitoring data of adverse effects following immunization in Deqing county from 2009 to 2011

目的了解德庆县疑似预防接种异常反应报告情况,分析预防接种的安全性及工作质量。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对德庆县2009～2011年报告的疑似预防接种异常反应资料进行分析。结果 2009～2011年德庆县报告疑似预防接种异常反应病例170例,AEFI报告发生率为20.99/10万剂次。反应分类构成为一般反应占72.94%(15.31/10万剂次)、异常反应占24.12%(5.06/10万剂次)、偶合反应占2.94%(0.62/10万剂次)。全县接种单位报告覆盖率为61.54%(8/13),病例报告男女比例为1.13∶1,年龄分布以1岁以下年龄组较多(47.06%),主要报告月份为3～8月份,报告反应时间较多发生在1 d内(67.06%);AEFI涉及25种疫苗,第一类疫苗AEFI报告发生率以全细胞百白破疫苗(212.12/10万剂次)、无细胞百白破疫苗(43.11/10万剂次)、麻风疫苗(29.07/10万剂次)居前3位;第二类疫苗AEFI报告发生率以甲乙肝联合疫苗(225.56/10万剂次)、23价肺炎疫苗(164.38/10万剂次)、甲肝灭活疫苗(115.42/10万剂次)居前3位。一类疫苗的报告发生率17.57/10万剂次,二类疫苗为37.58/10万剂次,两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.75,P=0.10)。一般反应中以发热(53.23%)、局部红肿硬结(30.65%)为主;异常反应中以过敏性皮疹(56.10%)为主;偶合反应以上呼吸道感染较多。结论德庆县预防接种的安全性和工作质量较好,规范实施预防接种,减少预防接种异常反应的发生及其负面影响,促进提高预防接种工作质量。

Objective To understand the report about adverse effects following immunization （AEFI） in Deqing county, and analyze the safety and work quality of immunization. Methods The data of AEFI in Deqing county from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 170 cases with AEFI in Deqing county from 2009 to 2011 were reported, and the incidence rate of AEFI was 20.99/100 000 doses. There were common reac- tions （72.94%, 15.31/100 000 doses）, adverse effects （24.12%, 5.06/100 000 doses） and coupling reactions （2.94%, 0.62/100 000 doses）. The report showed that the coverage rate of vaccination unit in Deqing county was 61.54%（8/13）, the male female ratio was 1.13：1, the ratio of the group under 1 year old was the highest among all groups （47.06%）, the major incidence month was during March to August, and the reaction time was mainly within 1 day （67.06%）; AEFI involved 25 vaccine,and the top 3 of AEFI incidence rate in the first type vaccine were whole-cell DPT vaccines （212.12/100 000 doses）, acellular pertussis vaccine （43.11/100 000 doses）, rubella vaccine （29.07/100 000 doses）; the top 3 of AEFI incidence rate in the second type vaccine were hepatitis A and B combined vaccine （225.56/100 000 doses）, 23-Valent pneumococcal vaccine （164.38/100 000 doses）, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine （115.42/100 000 doses）. The incidence rate of AEFI in the first type vaccine was 17.57/100 000 doses,while the incidence rate of AEFI in the second type vaccine was 37.58/100 000 doses,and the difference was not statistically significant （X2=2.75 ,P = 0.10）. The AEFI in common reactions were mainly fever （53.23%） and local swelling and induration （30.65%）; the AEFI in adverse effects was mainly allergic skin rashes （56.10%）; the AEFI in coupling reactions was mainly upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion The safety and work quality of immunization in Deqing county is better, the vaccination is implemented canonically, the incidence and negative effect of AEFI are reduced, and the work quality of vaccination is improved.