氮肥不同用量对马铃薯氮素吸收·产量与品质的影响

Effects of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Nitrogen Uptake,Yield and Quality of Potato

[目的]为了对科学施肥和促进马铃薯产业的发展提供依据。[方法]在田间条件下,研究了不同施氮水平对马铃薯生长及块茎产量、品质的影响以及马铃薯对氮素吸收的影响。[结果]在马铃薯苗期、薯块膨大期、淀粉积累期和收获期N12处理表现为干物质积累最多,植株地上与地下部分含氮量最高,薯块产量最高达39 757.5 kg/hm2。各项品质指标也较好,薯块中淀粉、蛋白质含量最高,还原糖含量最低。[结论]各时期随施氮量增加,马铃薯植株地上及地下部分含氮量增加,其中以施氮180 kg/hm2马铃薯长势最好,产量最高,品质最佳。

[Objective]The research aimed to provide the basis for the scientific fertilization and the development of potato industry.[Method] Effects of growth,tuber yield,quality and uptake of nitrogen in potato were studied under different levels of nitrogen in the field.[Result] The potato dry matter accumulation,nitrogen content of above-ground and under-ground plant parts,tuber yield were the highest under N12 treatment at seedling stage,tuber expansion stage,starch accumulation stage and harvest stage.The highest tuber yield was 39 757.5 kg/hm2.The potato quality characteristics were better,starch content and protein content in the tuber were the highest and reducing sugar content was the lowest under N12 treatment.[Conclusion]The nitrogen contents of above-ground and under-ground plant parts were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate at potato growing period.The potato grew well by 180 kg/hm2 application rate of fertilizer N,which had the highest yield and the best quality.