家庭属性对农户选择种植作物的影响机制——以黑龙江省宾县为例

Influencing Mechanism of Family Attributes on Choosing Crops——A Case Study in Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province

【目的】微观层面的农户作物选择行为过程及其机制研究对于农业或农村政策的制定和调整具有重要意义,也是目前国内外学者广泛关注的热点问题。本文利用农户调查数据,重点分析研究农户自身的家庭属性对其作物选择和作物种植更替的影响。【方法】以中国东北地区具有典型代表性、黑龙江省的宾县为研究区域,通过实地农户调查,获取了384户农户调查数据;将调查数据进行标准化处理后导入SPSS统计分析系统,利用单变量多因素方差分析法解析农户家庭属性对选择种植水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆及其它经济作物等五类作物的影响。【结果】总的来说农户的年龄、教育程度、家庭劳动力数量、家庭人数和承包耕地类型条件等家庭属性因素对农户选择种植作物具有重要影响;年龄相对越大并且家庭劳动力较少的农户更趋向选择种植玉米,劳动力较多的农户更愿意选择种植大豆,当地种植小麦可能会对农户家庭收入有负面影响,传统的农民在耕地条件合适更加愿意选择种植水稻,家庭总人口多、劳动力丰富并且有文化的农户更加愿意选择种植经济作物。【结论】农作物实际种植过程中农户受到种植作物的工时量、种植作物所需农业知识水平、种植环境要求或资金投入产出比等各种因素影响,这些因素直接导致农户家庭属性中相应的属性因素对农户选择行为的影响。

【Objective】As an important basis for agricultural policy adjustment,famers choice crops is always concerned by scholars.Based on the survey data on farmers,the influence of famers’ family attributes on their choice of crops were studied.The article aims to quantify the influence mechanism and guide famer’s direction to adjustment of choice of crops.【Method】Binxian County of China’s Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area.There are 3 typical and representative towns containing 384 households famers were selected for investigation and research.The questionnaire data were standardized and imported into SPSS statistical analysis system.By using the univariate and multivariate analysis,the influence of famers’ family attributes on choices of planting rice,wheat,maize,soybeans and other crops were studied.【Result】The result of analysis showed that the major factors affecting famers choosing planting crops are famers’ age,education level,family labor force,family size,land types,and so on.These factors on famers respectively to choose and change crops have the significant effect.【Conclusion】 The actual process of crops planting was impacted by the amount of work to grow crops,the level of agricultural knowledge needed to grow crops,planting environmental requirements or capital investment output ratio and other factors.These factors led to rural households attribute corresponding attribute factors for famers choice behavior directly.