市场转型与工人阶级意识变迁:一个制度逻辑的解释

Transition of Class Consciousness of the Workers in the State-owned Enterprises:An Interpretation of the Logic Embedded in the System

通过对西北地区某大型国有企业个案的实地研究发现,市场体制下国企工人的阶级意识源于在劳动过程中权利与利益被削弱或剥夺的过程。随着计划体制向市场体制的转型,国企工人逐渐从"国有工人"变成了"契约工人",这不仅影响了国企工人的生活境遇,而且影响了国企工人阶级意识的变迁。即国企工人阶级的认同意识从单位认同转向了阶层认同,利益意识从政治利益转向了经济利益,合作意识从一致转向了分化,冲突意识从指向国家转向了指向企业管理者。国企工人阶级意识的变迁深深嵌入在计划体制向市场体制转型的制度逻辑中,而国有企业的劳动关系制度、工资制度与社会福利制度等核心制度变迁成为国企工人阶级意识变迁的前提。

A case study is done based on a large state-owned enterprise in Northwestern China.The study reveals that class consciousness arises in the process of the workers＇ rights and interests being weakened or deprived of. The transition from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy has not only greatly influenced the living condition of the workers in the state-owned enterprises but also changed their consciousness of identity：from being one part of an enterprise to being one part of a class.Their interests have shifted from being political to economic;their cooperation has changed from being unified to differentiated,and the conflicts vary from being against the government to the business managers.The change of the workers＇ consciousness is deeply embedded in the logic existing in the systematic transition from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The transition of the labor system, wage system and social welfare system in the state-owned enterprises is the precondition for the change of the workers＇ class consciousness.