崇州地区支气管哮喘儿童常见过敏原分析

An analysis of common allergens of children with bronchial asthma in chongzhou city

目的探讨崇州地区哮喘儿童的过敏原以及哮喘儿童的年龄与过敏原的关系。方法选择在我院儿科诊断为哮喘的208例患儿为研究对象,采用浙江我武公司提供的12种标准化变应原皮肤点刺液,进行变应原皮肤点刺试验,观察阳性率及不同年龄组的过敏情况。结果①208例哮喘患儿混合过敏原的总阳性率达79.8%;②哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原与食入性过敏原阳性率分别为66.3%和43.8%,吸入性过敏原的阳性率显著高于食入性过敏原;③哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率排序依次为:粉尘螨(50.9%)、户尘螨(48.5%)、蟑螂(25.9%)、蒿属花粉(13.5%)、葎草花粉(10.6%)、猫毛猫上皮(10.1%);且随着年龄的变化,哮喘患儿对粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂过敏原的阳性率有升高现象;食入性过敏原阳性率排序依次为:海虾(23.6%)、鸡蛋(11.1%)、带鱼(10.6%)。且随着年龄变化,哮喘患儿食入海虾这一过敏原的阳性率有显著升高。结论儿童支气管哮喘大多与过敏原有关,且过敏原与年龄有一定相关性。

Objective Exploring allergens of children with asthma in chongzhou city,sichuan province,and the relation between ages of children with asthma and aspiration allergens.Methods 208 cases of children with asthma who were diagnosed by the pediatrics clinic and Inpatients of people′s hospital of chongzhou are selected as research subjects.Test are conducted by using 12 types of standardized local allergenic skin prick liquid provided by wowu biotechnology company（Zhejiang）,followed by observations on positive incidences and anaphylactic status of cohort groups.Results ① The total mixed positive incidences of allergens of 208 cases is 79.8%;② the respective positive incidences of aspiration allergens and ingestion allergens are 66.3% and 43.8%,the variance of which is statistically significant;③ The ranking of positive incidences of aspiration allergens are as follows： dermatophagoides farinaes（50.9%）,dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（48.5%）,cockroaches（25.9%）,artemisia pollen（13.5%）,humulus pollen（10.6%）,cat hair and/or epithelia（10.1%）.Furthermore,the positive incidences of dermatophagoides farinaes,dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and etc.increase by cohort groups;The ranking of positive incidences of ingestion allergens are as follows： sea shrimps（23.6%）,eggs（11.1%）,trichiurushaumela（10.6%）,milk（10.1%）,peanuts（8.7%）,mango（6.7%）.Additionally,the positive incidences of sea shrimps by cohort groups are statistically significant.Conclusion child bronchial asthma is primarily related to allergens,and allergens are related to ages.