我院79例老年巨幼细胞性贫血的病因分析及预防对策研究

Cause analysis and study on the preventive measures of 79 cases of elderly patients with megaloblastic anemia in our hospital

目的分析我院老年巨幼细胞性贫血的病因并探讨有效的临床预防措施。方法选择2010年10月～2012年9月我院就诊的老年巨幼细胞性贫血患者79例作为研究对象,分析患者的发病原因、临床特点,提出针对性预防措施并观察临床效果。结果本组79例患者,主要病因为消化系统疾病(39.2%),其次为饮食习惯不良(25.3%)、心脑血管疾病(20.3%);以中、重度贫血为主,占81.0%;给予叶酸、维生素B12以及升血药物治疗后患者的血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、网织红细胞计数(RC)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)均明显改善。结论我院老年巨幼细胞性贫血的病因为消化系统疾病、饮食习惯不良等,积极治疗原发病、指导患者合理饮食、鼓励患者多食用富含叶酸、维生素B12的食物是预防该疾病的关键。

Objective To analyze the cause of elderly patients with megaloblastic anemia in our hospital and explore the effective clinical preventive measures.Methods From October 2010 to September 2012 in our hospital,79 cases of elderly patients with megaloblastic anemia were selected as an object of study,the causes and clinical features of the patients were analyzed,proposed targeted preventive measures and observed the clinical effect.Results 79 patients in this group,the digestive system diseases was the mainly cause of diseases,accounted for 39.2%,followed by poor eating habits,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,accounted for 25.3%,20.3%;patients with moderate or severe accounted for 81.0%;they were given folic acid,vitamin B12 and birth blood medicine therapy,the patient＇s hemoglobin（Hb）,white blood cell（WBC）,platelets（PLT）,reticulocyte count（RC）,mean corpuscular volume（MCV）were significantly improved.Conclusion The causes of elderly patients with megaloblastic anemia in our hospital are digestive system diseases,poor eating habits and so on,aggressive treatment of the primary disease,and guide the patient a reasonable diet,patients are encouraged to eat more rich in folic acid,vitamin B12 is the key to preventing the disease.