黑格尔法权哲学对自然权利论的批判与继承

Criticism and Inheritance of Natural Right Theory from Hegel's Philosophy of Right

自然权利论是基于古代自然法基础之上的近代发明,注重主体自由与权利的实现,但缺乏对自身合法性的有效澄明。黑格尔由此展开了对基于"上帝意志"的经验自然权利与"心中道德律"的形式自然权利的批判,指出前者的"绝对物"未能贯穿众多,只是漂浮着的名称;后者不过是空虚的形式主义,缺乏真实具体的素材,均不具有合法性。黑格尔以此扬弃为基础,建构了自己以自由意志、人格和所有权为核心范畴,面向具体自由与现实解放的鲜活的法权哲学体系。

Natural right theory is based on the ancient natural law and does not appear until in modern times, which emphasizes the realization of subjective freedom and right while lacking an effective clarification of its legality. Hegel then criticizes the natural rights founded upon ＂God＇ s will＂ and those founded upon ＂ inward ethical law＂, contending that both of them have no legality since ＂the absolute＂ of the former, just the floating nomenclature, cannot run through all the things and the latter is just a vacuous form without the concrete content On the basis of this, Hegel constructs his lively philosophy of right, which takes the free will, personality and property as its core concepts and aims to realize the concrete freedom as well as the true liberation.