精神分裂症患者的前瞻性记忆与社会功能

Prospective memory and social function in patients with schizophrenia

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者的前瞻性记忆(PM)与社会功能的关系。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者40例和健康对照30例。采用2项PM任务评估两组的前瞻性记忆功能,以简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评估精神分裂症患者的精神病性症状,以加州大学圣地亚哥分校基于任务的生活能力测验简版(UPSA-B)评估精神分裂症患者的社会功能。结果:精神分裂症组基于事件的PM(EBPM)[(0.49±0.29)vs.(0.85±0.16)]和基于时间的PM(TBPM)[(0.62±0.31)vs.(0.93±0.11)]得分低于健康对照组(P<0.01)。相关分析显示精神分裂症患者EBPM(r=0.60,P<0.01)、TBPM(r=0.50,P<0.01)得分与UPSA-B得分正相关,与BPRS总分无统计学意义的相关。Linear回归分析显示,TBPM得分越高,UPSA得分越高(β=0.50,P<0.01)。结论:精神分裂症患者存在前瞻性记忆损伤,该损伤很可能与患者基本社会功能受损密切相关。

Objective： Prospective memory （PM） is the ability to remember to carry out intended actions in the future and is very important for maintaining independent everyday functioning.To date,there is a substantial body of empirical findings which consistently show that schizophrenia is associated with PM deficits.The present study aimed to explore the relationship between PM and social function in schizophrenia. Methods： Forty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.The diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition （DSM-Ⅳ） criteria.The performance of PM was determined by PM tasks （time-based and event-based）.The patients＇ clinical symptoms and social function were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS） and UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-brief （UPSA-B） respectively. Results： The scores of event-based prospective memory （EBPM）[（0.49±0.29） vs.（0.85±0.16）] and time-based prospective memory （TBPM）[（0.62±0.31） vs.（0.93±0.11）] were lower in the patients than in the controls （P〈0.01）.The performance scores of PM in schizophrenia patients were positively correlated with the UPSA-B scores （EBPM,r=0.60,P〈0.01;TBPM,r=0.50,P〈0.01）,but not correlated with the BPRS scores.Linear regression analysis showed that the TBPM score was positively correlated with the UPSA-B scores（β=0.50,P〈0.01）. Conclusion： It suggests that the participants with schizophrenia may have impairment on prospective memory,which might be closely correlated to the decline of general functional skills.