血源性职业暴露与风险防范

Occupational bloodborne exposure and risk prevention

目的分析45名血源性职业暴露危险因素,降低职业暴露风险。方法分析我院2010—2012年45名在职医务人员发生血源性职业暴露,对其暴露源、暴露类型、职业、就诊情况、用药情况、随访情况进行分析,并对在职医务人员进行职业暴露培训,使医务人员能及时报告,填写相关资料。结果血源性职业暴露主要是锐器伤造成,锐器类型以各类针头占首位,致锐器伤操作环节以输液结束拔针与回套针帽时发生率最高;危险因素为针头处理不正确,标准预防措施落实不到位。结论加强医务人员职业暴露防护教育的培训及防范管理,改善医疗操作环境,规范操作流程,实施标准预防,最大限度地减少职业暴露风险,降低职业暴露发生率。

Objective Analyze the risk factors of 45 cases that suffered from the occupational bloodborne exposure, to reduce the risk of it. Methods Analyze 45 medical staffs of our hospital from 2010 to 2012 that suffered from the occupational bloodborne exposure,including the sources, types, occupations, diagnosis, medications,and follow-up. Do some professional training for them, enable them to report on time, and fill in the related forms. Results The sharp instrument injury mainly resulted by different types of syringe needles was the primary cause of the occupational bloodborne exposure,with the highest rate of occurrence when the medical staffs withdraw needles and put them back into the cap at the end of Venous Transfusion. There were two major factors leading to the danger： first, wrong way of handling needles; second, professional precautionary measures hadn＇t been carried out. Conclusion The main ways to improve the situation were to train the medical staffs more intensively about preventing from the occupational exposure and management, improved the medical operating environment, standardize the operational processes,carried out professional precautionary measures, and reduced the risk and occurrence of occupational exposure at maximum rate.