珠江在广州城区河段的演变及其对城市生态环境的影响

Evolution of the Pearl River Course in Urban Area of Guangzhou and Its Influence on Ecological Environment

珠江河道广州城区段的演变在广州城市生态环境演变,特别是在城市防洪减灾中起着至关重要的作用。本文融合珠江在广州城区河段(珠江隧道-海印桥)古代、近代、现代的地图资料、遥感资料和文献资料,选取典型断面数据,建立了各断面不同时段的岸线图谱,定量反映珠江该段河道的时空演变特征,根据近年来人类工程活动等相关研究成果,推演珠江河道的演变趋势,分析河道演变对于城市生态环境和城市防洪减灾产生的影响。结果显示:20世纪50年代以前,珠江河道以0.6～0.8m/a的速度逐步缩窄;50年代以后,随着珠江堤围系统的完善,河道平面形态总体趋于稳定,局部断面仍在缩窄,最后讨论珠江河道缩窄对城市洪涝灾害、水环境污染、生物多样性等几个方面的影响。研究成果可为城市发展及水环境保护决策提供理论和现实依据。

Evolution of the Pearl River course in Guangzhou has a crucial impact on ecological environment.This paper integrated the data from ancient maps,historical records and modern remote sensing to build a graphic library for the representative river section of the Pearl River in urban area of Guangzhou,which quantitatively reflected the evolution characteristics of the urban river course.Combining the results from other relevant researches,the paper also deduced the evolution trend of the river channel.The results showed that the Pearl River channel narrowed with a rate of 0.6-0.8 m/a before the 1950s.Since then the whole section shape tended to be stable except parts of the course that changed greatly.At last,the paper discussed the influence of the river course evolution on urban ecological environment.