荧光原位杂交技术在鱼类基因定位研究中的应用

Application of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization(FISH)Techniques in Gene Location in Fish

荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术是一种简单而有效的染色体上物理定位DNA序列的技术。本文介绍了荧光原位杂交技术的基本原理以及实验流程,综述了近年来FISH技术在鱼类基因定位方面的应用,如来源于细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)文库的单拷贝基因的定位、核糖体基因和组蛋白基因等中度重复序列的定位、着丝粒特异序列和性别特异序列等高度重复序列的定位以及其他重复序列的定位等,用于研究特定基因定位、性染色体鉴定及种间杂交等遗传学问题,并展望了此技术在定位鱼类经济性状相关标记或基因、性别相关标记或基因及种特异染色体标记中的应用前景。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, is a simple and effective technology to map the genes and DNA clones to the chro- mosomes of the species concerned. In this study, the fimdamental principle and experiment procedures are briefly introduced, and the current uses ofFISH is reviewed in gene localization in fishes. FISH has been used to map single-copy sequences from bacterial artifi- cial chromosome （BACs） library, moderately repetitive sequences such as rRNAs and histones, highly repetitive sequences including centromere-specific sequences and sex-specific sequences, and other repetitive sequences. The many genetics questions including spe- cific gene mapping, identification of sex chromosome and interspecies heterozygotese are explored. Besides, the extensive fu^tre prospects of the application ofFISH are discussed including in location of the markers or genes related with the economic trait, and sex specific chromosome in fishes.