引进大果沙棘新品种实生子代性状分离与选优

Phenotypic Variation and Selection of Introduced Large Fruit Seabuckthorn’s Real Offspring Groups

对设置于黑龙江省绥棱县的俄罗斯大果沙棘优良引进品种特丰1号和特丰2号实生子代选种群体表型性状指标分化规律进行了分析,以揭示俄罗斯大果沙棘品种实生子代性状分离规律,为大果沙棘良种实生选种提供理论基础,并选育沙棘优良新品种,得到几点主要结论:(1)引进品种实生子代在我国东北具有良好的生长适应性,生长指标有较大幅度的分化;各表型指标中单株产量及棘刺数变异程度较大,表明子代群体具备良好的经济性状选种潜力;引进品种实生子代群体雌雄分化性状符合孟德尔自由组合规律。(2)从引进品种实生子代群体中初选出的55个单株在果实百果质量这一重要性状上表现优异,一些单株果实产量可达10000kg/hm2,表现出了良好的经济潜能;55个初选单株果实VC、VE、水解总黄酮含量均有明显的分化,且实生子代初选单株果实黄酮组分中以异鼠李素含量最高,与中蒙沙棘杂交子代不同。(3)在以百果重及单株产量为经济性综合评价指标基础上,筛选出3个高产、高VC型沙棘优良单株、5个高产、高VE型沙棘优良单株、3个高产、高黄酮型沙棘优良单株。

Two new large-fruit seabuckthorn breeds ＂Tefeng 1＂ and ＂Tefeng 2＂, belonging to Mongo- lian Seabuckthorn, were introduced from Russia and their real offspring groups were planted at Shui- leng Courty of Heilongjiang Province in 2002. In order to provide theoretical and material basis for real offspring breeding of good cultivars of seabuckthorn, the differentiation laws of phenotypic traits were studied when trees were six year olds. Several main conclusions were obtained as follows： （1） It was found that the phenotypic variations of hybrids progenies were obvious. The stem yield and numbers of thorns, viewed as two were found having the relatively big variation coefficients. The ratio of female to male was tested to be in accordance with law of independent assortment, 1：1 proportion. （2） Fif- ty-five hybrid individual trees were selected from real offspring groups of two introduced breeds. The selected fifty-five good stems present good 100-berry weight that is an important properties. The fruit yields of some stems arrive at 10000kg/hm2, showing good economic potential. The contents of Vc, VE, flavonoids in fruits of the 55 selected stems all have obvious variation. （3） Based on the evalua- tion of 100-berry weight and stem yield, three high yield and high-Vc type stems, five high yield and high-VE type stems and three high yield and high-flavonoid type stems were selected.