不同播期对豫东黄潮土区小麦群体及产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Times on Group and Yield of Wheat in Yellow Alluvial Soil Area of Eastern Henan

以郑麦7698、众麦998为材料研究了不同播期对小麦群体及产量的影响。结果表明,不同播期间冬前分蘖差异大,春季差异减小,但这种差异一直维持到成熟期;播期与穗数、产量呈显著的负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.935**、-0.886*。经回归分析,郑麦7698的回归模型:Y(穗数)=759.8-40.2X、Y(产量)=10 827-552.7X;众麦998:Y(穗数)=568.6-11.5X、Y(产量)=10 235-250.9X。在播量为150 kg/hm2的条件下,郑麦7698、众麦998适宜播期为10月10—15日,此期播种有利于形成合理的群体结构,实现较高的经济产量和效益。播期提前应减少播量,郑麦7698最早不能早于10月5日,众麦998不能早于10月10日;播期推迟应适当增加播量,播期每推迟5 d,播量增加30 kg/hm2,才能有利于实现不同播期条件下的高产稳产。

Taking Zhengmai 7 698 and Zhongmai 998 as materials, effects of different sowing times on group and yield of wheat were studied. The result showed that the difference of tillering was great before the winter and decreased in the spring among different sowing times, and the difference was maintained until maturation period. The sowing date had the significant negative correlation with the panicle and the yield,and the correlated coefficients were -0.935＂ and -0.886＇ respectively. According to regression analysis ,the regression models of Zhengmai 7698 were established as follows, Y （ panicles ） =759.8 -40.2X and Y （yield） = 10 827 -552.7 X. The regression models of Zhongmai 998 were Y （ panicles ） =568.6-11.5X and Y （yield）=10 235-250.9X. If the sowing rate was 150 kg/hm2, the suitable sowing times of Zhengmai 7698 and Zhongmai 998 should be from 10th to 15th in October. This period was better for forming the reasonable population structure and achieving the higher economic production and efficiency. If the sowing date was moved up ,the sowing rate should be reduced. The sowing date of Zhengmai 7698 should not be earlier than October 5 th ,and Zhongmai 998 should not be earlier than October 10th. If the sowing date was postponed, the sowing rate should be increased. If the sowing date was postponed by five days, the sowing rate should be increased by 30 kg/hm2, which could be good for achieving the high and stable yield in different sowing dates.