人类学视野下的技艺与技术

Technique and Technology Under the Perspective of Anthropology

技艺和技术历来就是人类学研究中的重要内容,并被看作是文化的主要内容。通过对诸多人类学家的研究进行梳理,可以发现技术在这些研究中大体上扮演了两个角色:一是技术是文化的核心,二是技术是文明发展的一个标识。与很多人类学家不同,莫斯认为技艺与技术应该区别开来,他利用自己著名的"整体性"概念,通过对各种技艺的详细分类和分析,揭示了作为一种整体性社会现象的技艺所蕴含的诸多含义和内容。

Technique and technology have always been the important content in anthropologist research, they are regarded as the main content of culture. Through combing the research of many anthropologists, the author thinks that technology plays two roles in general ： one is that technology is the core of culture, another one is that technology is taken as one of the marks of the civilization development. Unlike many other anthropologists, Marcel Mauss considered that technique and technology are two different concepts. He revealed many meanings and contents in technique which is a totally social phe- nomenon through a detailed classify and analyzed on a variety of techniques by using the famous concept of his own--＂ total- ity＂. Therefore, the research of Mauss gives us important inspiration to rethink technology.