心理弹性训练对水面舰艇军人自我意识和应对方式的影响

Effect of resilience training on self-awareness and coping style of warship soldiers

目的研究心理弹性训练对水面舰艇军人自我意识(自我接纳、自我效能和自我概念)与应对方式的影响。方法选取与团体辅导目标基本一致的舰艇部队军人100名,随机分成训练组(n=45,参加训练)和对照组(n=55,不参加任何训练)。2组被试在训练前、中、结束时和训练结束6个月后分别采用自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、Wallance自我概念量表(WSCS)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行心理评估。根据心理弹性理论及构成要素设计10次团体训练的内容,每周1次、每次2 h,在10周内完成。训练组按抽签法分成组1(n=22)和组2(n=23),训练成员的自我意识、情绪管理、人际沟通、问题解决和社会支持等能力;对照组不参加任何形式的训练。11名被试因执行任务未能全程参与(脱落),训练前训练组与对照组在年龄、军龄、职务和文化程度,SAQ、GSES、WSCS、积极应对和消极应对得分方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结果①与训练前结果相比,训练组在训练结束时和训练结束6个月后测SAQ、GSES和WSCS得分均有显著提高(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中GSES在训练第5次结束后就有显著提高(P<0.01),而SAQ和WSCS在训练第10次结束后显著提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。训练组在训练中、结束时和6个月后SAQ、GSES和WSCS得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。②与训练前结果相比,训练组训练中和训练结束时,积极和消极应对方式得分均无统计学差异(P>0.05);而在训练结束6个月后积极应对显著提高(P<0.01),消极应对得分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。训练组在训练结束6个月后测积极应对得分显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论心理弹性训练能有效提升水面舰艇军人的自我意识,提高其积极应对能力。

Objective To study the effect of resilience training on self-awareness （ self acceptance, self-efficacy and self concept） and coping style of warship soldiers. Methods One hundred warship soldiers were selected and divided randomly into a training group （n = 45 ） and a control group （n = 55 ）. All of them were tested by Self Acceptance Questionnaire （ SAQ）, General Self-Efficacy Scale （ GSES）, Wallance Self Concept Scale （WSCS） and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） before, during and at the end of training and at 6 months after the training. According to resilience theory and its elements, 10 times resilience training was arranged 2 h once per week. The training group was subdivided into a group 1 （n = 22 ） and a group 2 （n = 23 ） by drawing lots, aiming to train the self-awareness, emotion management, interpersonal communication, problem solving and social support of the warship soldiers. Except for 11 shedding subjects, there was no significant difference between the training group and the control group in age, military service, job, education level, average scores of SAQ, GSES and WSCS and the total score of SCSQ before training （P 〉 0.05）. Results （ 1 ） Compared with the results before training, the scores of SAQ, GSES and WSCS significantly were improved at the end of training and at 6 months after training in the training group （n = 39） （P 〈0. 05, P 〈0.01 ）, in which GSES score was increased significantly in the midterm of training （P 〈 0.01 ） the scores of SAQ and WSCS were increased significantly at the end of training （P 〈 0. 05, P 〈 0 , and 01）.Compared with the results before training, the score of positive coping was increased significantly at 6 months after training （P 〈 0.01 ）, but no significant difference was observed in negative coping score （P 〉 0.05 ） ; （2） The scores of positive coping at the end of training and at 6 months after training were significantly higher in the training group than in the control group （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01 ）, while no significant difference was observed in negative coping style （P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion Resilience training can effectively improve warship soldiers＇ self-awareness and positive coping ability.