马哈利樱桃大孢子发生和雌配子体的发育

Macrosporogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development of Prunus mahaleb

采用石蜡切片法对马哈利樱桃大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程进行观察研究。结果表明:(1)马哈利樱桃雌配子体发育早期,在单室子房内可以看到2个倒生胚珠,但在后期其中一个退化,另一个发育为种子;其胚珠具双珠被,为厚珠心。(2)大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成直线型四分体,功能大孢子位于合点端;胚囊发育为蓼型,成熟胚囊为七细胞八核。(3)根据不同时间花的外部形态特征与内部解剖学对比的观察结果,在陕西关中地区,三月下旬是马哈利樱桃雌性生殖细胞分化和发育的重要时期,果园在此期间应加强肥水管理。

The megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte of Prunus mahaleb Linn.were studied by using the method of paraffin section.The results indicated that：（1）During the early period of gametophyte of P.mahaleb,there were two anatropous ovules which were attached to the placenta,on the inner wall of its unilocular ovary.Later period,one of them degraded while the other developed into a seed.（2）It was a crassinucellate ovule with two integuments.Successive cytokinesis in the megasporocyte followed meiosis and the megaspore tetrads were linear.Function megaspore was in the chalaza and the monosporic embryo sac is polygonum type,Mature embryo sac had 7 celled and 8 nuclei.（3）According to the relationship between external morphological characteristics and internal anatomy observation of P.mahaleb at different time.We could know that late March is the most important time of the differentiation and development of female reproductive cells in the Guanzhong district of Shaanxi Province,It was time to strengthen the water and fertilizer management for the good quality and high yield of P.mahaleb.