百合不同杂交系品种花粉贮藏特性分析

Analysis on Pollen Storage Capacity of Lily Cultivars Belonging to Different Hybrid Series

百合花粉贮藏是解决育种过程中花期不遇以及种质资源保存的重要环节,该试验以亚洲百合、东方百合和OT杂种系列的12个品种为材料,筛选出适合大部分品种花粉萌发的培养基及萌发率的观测时间,探讨花蕾发育时期[完全显色(-1级)、2/3显色(-2级)]、花粉收集后处理方式[离心管(处理Ⅰ)、离心管口加棉花(处理Ⅱ)、离心管口加棉花和管底添加干燥剂(处理Ⅲ)]、贮藏温度(常温、4℃、-20℃和-80℃)对花粉活力的影响。结果显示:(1)5%蔗糖+100(150)mg/L硼酸+30(50)mg/L氯化钙为适合大部分品种花粉萌发的液体培养基配方,百合花粉培养24h后测定萌发率为宜。(2)-1级花粉的萌发率比-2级的高且保持生命力的时间更长,如‘Tresor’-1级新鲜花粉的萌发率可达到83.2%,但其-2级只有21%。常温条件最不利于花粉保存,20d时大部分花粉萌发率为0;4℃与-20℃下较利于花粉短期贮藏且差别不显著。(3)经过4℃、120d贮藏,亚洲百合4个品种花粉萌发率最低能保持24.7%,最高能有55.9%左右;2个东方百合品种4℃下花粉萌发率为6.8%～12.7%;花粉在-80℃条件能较长时间保持活力,亚洲百合和东方百合花粉萌发率分别能保持26.7%～61.9%和7.1%～16.2%。(4)各个品种在不同温度条件下,大部分在处理Ⅲ下花粉萌发率较其他两种处理稍高。因此,-80℃结合在离心管口加棉花和管底添加干燥剂(处理Ⅲ)适合百合花粉的长期贮藏。

The better understanding of lily pollen storage characters not only provides scientific basis for solving different flower seasons and long distance hybridization during traditional crossing breeding,but also is essential for the storage of lily germplasm resources.Thus,pollens of twelve cultivars belonging to the Asiatic,Oriental and OT hybrids were used as research materials to find out the best media formula for most cultivar’s pollen.The time to survey the germination rate of lily pollen,different flower bud development phase [color fully developed （-1 level）,2/3 color developed （-2 level）] and treatments after collecting pollen [tubes （No.1）,putting cotton in tubes （No.2）,putting cotton and drier in tubes （No.3）] were determined and discussed in this research.The results showed that：（1）Liquid culture medium containing 5% sucrose,formula 100（50） mg/L boric acid and 30（50） mg/L CaCl2 was optimal for most cultivars.It was most suitable that testing the pollen germination rate after 24 h culturing.（2）The germination rate of pollens in -1 level was higher than those in -2 level.The -1 level’s pollen germination rate of ‘Tresor’ can reach 83.2% while -2 level was just 21%.In room temperature,the time of pollens keeping their vitality was the shortest.Most cultivar’s pollen couldn’t germinate after 20 days storage.4 and -20 ℃ were more suitable for short-time storage of pollen with no significant difference between them.（3）The Asiatic lily cultivars maintain 24.7%～55.9% germination rate while the Oriental lily cultivars maintain 6.8%～12.7% after 120 days storage.In -80 ℃,pollens maintain higher germination rates which were 26.7%～61.9% for the Asiatic lily cultivars and 7.1%～16.2% for the Oriental lily cultivars.（4）In three treatment methods,the germination rate of pollens in tubes with cotton and drier which was No.3 was higher than others under different storage temperatures.In summary,the best storage condition for lily pollen was putting cotton and drier in tubes （No.3） at -80 ℃.