诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的现状及思考

Thinking and actuality of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury

背景: 目前对脊髓损伤的治疗方法有激素冲击治疗,急诊手术减压及最新发展的干细胞治疗等方法。已有大量工作聚焦于干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究方面,并已成为热点。目的: 综述诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的相关研究现状及未来发展趋势。方法: 应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1980年1月至2012年12月期间的相关文章,检索关键词为"spine injury,induced pluripotent stem cells,IPS"。结果与结论: 共纳入35篇文章,均就诱导多能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤持赞同或支持态度。结果表明,诱导多功能干细胞直接来源于自体分离得到,解决了干细胞移植中伦理以及道德等问题,同时避免了异体排斥反应也为移植提供了大量的细胞来源。对于脊髓损伤的治疗方面目前只有动物实验及少量临床实验支持,但其在动物实验中效果良好,安全性较高。诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤现存的问题主要是诱导多功能干细胞的诱导分化方法不成熟,并发症也较多。因此,诱导多功能干细胞的诱导分化及使用安全性将成为研究关键。

METHODS： A computer-based online search of PubMed （1980-01/2011-11） was performed for articles in English using the keywords of ＂spine injury, induced pluripotent stem cells, IPS＂ RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 35 articles were included in result analysis, in which, stem cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury is agreed or supported. Induced pluripotent stem cells are isolated directly from the body, which solves ethical and morel issues in the transplantation of stem cells, meanwhile avoids allograft rejection and also provides a large source of cells. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury is widely used in animal experiments but few in clinical application. However, stem cell therapy has a good effect in the animal experiments, and shows a higher safety. The existing problems of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury mainly include immature differentiating method of induced pluripotent stem cells and more complications. Therefore, induced differentiation and security of induced pluripotent stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury will become a research key.