恩替卡韦联合人免疫球蛋白预防肝移植后乙肝复发

Entecavir combined with immunoglobulin prevents hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation

背景:长期应用拉米夫定导致YMDD变异是肝移植后乙肝复发的主要原因。近年来恩替卡韦等新型强效低耐药抗病毒药物在乙肝相关性肝病中取得的很好的疗效,但对其在肝移植后预防乙肝复发作用的研究较为少见。目的:分析恩替卡韦联合小剂量乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白在肝移植后预防乙型肝炎复发的作用。方法:回顾性分析253例乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝移植患者的随访资料。所有患者肝移植前即开始给予核苷(酸)类似物预防,肝移植中和移植后均给予核苷(酸)类似物联合低剂量乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白的预防方案。在所有患者和具有乙肝复发危险因素(术前HBeAg阳性、乙型肝炎病毒DNA阳性、肝癌、YMDD变异)的患者中分别比较恩替卡韦+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白和拉米夫定+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白预防的不同效果。结果与结论:共完成253例乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝移植,死亡29例。拉米夫定组共202例,有16例复发,26例死亡,复发率为7.92%(16/202);恩替卡韦组共51例,未发现乙型肝炎病毒复发,3例死亡,两组患者复发率、死亡率差异不明显。恩替卡韦+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白与拉米夫定+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白相比,能有效降低具有乙肝复发危险因素患者的乙肝复发率。复发后均停用乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白,并调整核苷(酸)类似物,经治疗乙型肝炎病毒DNA均<500IU/mL,肝功能稳定。Log-rank检验显示乙型肝炎病毒复发后及时治疗对患者长期存活率无明显影响。结果说明,在核苷(酸)类似物联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白预防方案的预防下,乙肝复发后及时处理对预后影响不大。恩替卡韦联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白能有效预防乙肝复发。对于具有危险因素的患者,恩替卡韦联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白较拉米夫定联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白可以更有效地降低肝移植后乙肝复发率。

BACKGROUND： Prolonged therapy with lamivudine has been associated with tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate mutation, which results in hepatitis B recurrence. Recently, antiviral agents, such as entecavir, have high efficacy and low resistance rate in hepatitis B-related liver disease. However, the researches on the effect of entecavir in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation are rare. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of entecavir combined with low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS： The follow-up data of 253 patients who had liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus related liver disease were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received nucleoside analogues therapy formally before liver transplantation. The effects of entecavir＋hepatitis B immunoglobulin and lamivudine＋hepatitis B immunoglobulin were compared in all the patients and the patents with hepatitis B recurrence risk factors （positive preoperative HBeAg, DNA-positive hepatitis B virus, hepatoma and tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate mutation）. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 253 patients received hepatitis B virus-related liver transplantation, and 29 patients died. There were 202 patients in lamivudine group in which 26 patients were dead and 16 patients had hepatitis B virus recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 7.92% （16/202）. However, entecavir group had 51 patients without hepatitis B virus recurrence in which three patients were dead. There were significant differences in the mortality rate and recurrence rate between two groups. Compared with the lamivudine＋hepatitis B immunoglobulin, entecavir＋hepatitis B immunoglobulin could effectively reduce the recurrence rate of the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin was terminated and nucleoside analogues were modulated when recurrence appeared. All patients hepatitis B virus DNA were controlled less than 500 IU/mL and liver function returned to normal level. Log-rank test showed that there was no significant difference in the long-term survival rate after timely treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence. With the prevention of nucleoside analogues combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy, timely treatment of hepatitis B recurrence has little influence on the prognosis. Entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the hepatitis B recurrence. For the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors, entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can better reduce the recurrence rate of hepatitis B than lamivudine＋hepatitis B immunoglobulin after liver transplantation.