嘉兴市2006～2010年出生缺陷监测分析

Birth defects analysis of Jiaxing in 2006 to 2010

目的了解嘉兴市两区五县出生缺陷的发生情况,对全市妇产科医院的出生缺陷进行分析,为制定干预措施,降低出生缺陷提供科学依据。方法对嘉兴地区2006～2010年5年间嘉兴市两区五县所有妇产科医院的围产儿进行监测,分析出生缺陷的发生情况。结果近5年监测围产儿共计104 367例,其中出生缺陷者2 238例,5年总的出生缺陷发生率为21.44‰。2006～2010年的出生缺陷发生率分别是18.50‰,18.01‰,22.58‰,24.91‰,23.16‰,呈现逐渐上升的趋势。出生缺陷发生率较高的疾病依次是先天性心脏病、耳部畸形、四肢畸形、总唇腭裂、血管瘤、泌尿生殖系统畸形、梅毒、神经管畸形、消化系统畸形、21-三体综合征等。结论嘉兴地区围产儿监测中出生缺陷以先天性心脏病比例最高,梅毒患儿出生逐年增多。加大出生缺陷的一级预防手段,普及优生优育及孕前产前检测,可减少出生缺陷,提高人口素质。

Objective To check the birth defects status of Jiaxing（five counties,two regions） and analyze the statistic result,provide scientific basis for the development of interventions to reduce birth defects. Methods SurVey was performed on the perinatal infants in the maternity hospitals of Jiaxing area from 2006 to 2010 to analyze birth defects status. Results A total of 104 367 cases were surveyed and 2 238 cases with birth defects inside,overall birth defect rate was 21.44 ‰ in the past five years. The incidence of birth defects from 2006 to 2010 was respectively 18.50‰,18.01‰,22.58‰,24.91‰ and 23.16‰, which presented a gradual upward trend. The highest birth defects rate with sequence arranged as congenital heart disease, ear deformity, limb deformities, cleft lip and palate, hemangioma, urogenital malformations, syphilis, neural tube defects, digestive malformations, 21-trisomy synd rome etc. Conclusion Congenital heart disease is the highest birth defect and the born rate of syphilis children is increasing in Jiaxing area based on monitoring perinatal birth defects result. Means of prevention of birth defects,universal access to prenatal and postnatal care and pre-pregnancy prenatal testing can reduce birth defects, and improve the quality of the population.