金属镍木材复合材料的制备及其性能研究

The research of preparation and properties of nickel wood composites

以速生林木材为基体,丁二酸C4H6O4和苹果酸C4H6O5为络合剂,N2H4.H2O为还原剂,采用水热法在木材基质内将醋酸镍原位还原得到金属Ni木材复合材料。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的形貌结构进行表征。光学显微结果显示金属镍在木材细胞壁内分布均匀;XRD结果显示在44.5°出现了Ni(111)的特征峰;SEM结果表明金属镍为片状结构,粒径分布较窄,微粒尺寸约为0.5～1μm。力学性能测试结果表明,复合材料的力学性能得到提高,当金属镍的质量分数为2%,反应时间为12h时,比例极限和抗压强度相对于生材可增加83.42%和20.65%。导电性能测试结果表明,复合材料的电导率显著增加,在Ni的质量分数为3%,反应时间为6h时电导率达到最大为1.25×10-2S/m。

Ni wood composites were prepared through hydrothermal synthesis while Ni（Ac）2 as Ni source,N2H4·H2O as reductant,succinic acid（C4H6O4） and DL-malic acid（C4H6O5） as complexing agent.The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by optical microscope,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Optical microscope results showed that Ni was distributed uniformly inside the wood cell walls.XRD results indicated that at 44.5° there was Ni（111） diffraction peak.SEM results showed that the nickel particles were laminated structure,the size distribution was quite narrow and the particle size was about 0.5-1μm.The effects of mass fraction of Ni and reaction time on mechanical and electrical properties were studied by analyzing of the universal mechanics experiment and universal avometer.The results of mechanics performance testing showed that the limit of proportion and strength of compression of composites that include 2wt% Ni and reaction time was 12h were increased by 83.42% and 20.65% respectively than original wood.The results of electricity performance testing showed that electric conductivity were increased dramatically compared with original wood and the highest electric conductivity of the composites was 1.25×10-2S/m when the reaction time was 6h and the Ni content was 3wt%.