水产养殖公共领域发明专利技术信息初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of Aquaculture Public Domain Invention Patent Information

水产养殖公共领域专利是一种重要的信息资源,通过分析这些专利技术特征,有助于企业或其他机构提高创新能力和成果推广应用范围。通过对国际专利分类号为A01K61/00的水产养殖公共领域发明专利进行检索与分析,得出以下结论:(1)中国1985年建立专利制度以来,水产养殖公共领域发明专利数量变化可以大致划分为3个阶段,即1985年—1996年,呈现一个"倒U"型;1997年—2008年,呈现指数增长过程;2009年—2012年,呈现快速下降过程。(2)公开日在2010年—2012年间,检索到172件专利,其中职务发明占到76.74%,主要集中在广东、山东、江苏、上海、浙江等水产养殖业发达省份,因未缴年费而专利权终止的数量约占12.79%,这部分专利一般认为技术含量和可供二次开发利用的价值最大。(3)从涉及品种角度来看,鱼类较多,约占总量29.07%,从学科方向的角度划分,则主要分布在水产养殖技术、渔业工程与装备、水产遗传育种等方向,占总量的81.40%。建议建立国内外水产养殖公共领域专利技术信息平台,有助于对国内外水产养殖公共领域专利技术信息进行跟踪、提炼与分析,促进技术创新应用与产业发展。

Aquaculture public domain patent is an important resource of information, and it＇ s useful to improve the innovation ability and the application range of achievements based on analysis the characteristics of these patents. Searched and analyzed the aquaculture public domain invention patent of International Patent Classification A01K61/00, the conclusions as follow, （1） Since established the patent system in 1985, the change trends of the aquaculture public domain patent can be roughly divided into three phases, firstly, showing an inverted ＂U＂ shape from 1985 to 1996, secondly, showing an exponential growth process from 1997 to 2008, lastly, showing a rapid decline from 2009 to 2012. （2） Searched 172 patents in the publication date from 2010 to 2012. the service invention is up to 76.74 percent, and mainly belongs to the aquaculture industry developed provinces of Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang, the terminated patent of unpaid annual fee is reached to 12.79%, this part is the maximum value of secondary development and utilization. （3） From the view of varieties, Fish is the most in quality, which is reach to 29.07 percent, and the main disciplines direction are the aquaculture technology, fisheries engineering and equipment, aquatic genetic breeding, the proportion is up to 81.40%. This paper suggest establishing a domestic and international information platform of aquaculture public domain patent, which could promote the application of technological innovation and industrial development by tracking, refining and analysis of domestic and international aquaculture public domain patent technology.