精神科护士情绪智力与职业倦怠的相关性

Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Job Burnout in Psychiatric Nurses

目的调查精神科护士情绪智力与职业倦怠现状,并分析其相关性。方法对113例精神科护士进行调查,内容包括一般情况表、情绪智力量表、职业倦怠量表。结果精神科护士总体情绪智力得分为(65.8±14.2)分,与文献报道公务员样本得分(68.4±12.5)分相当,差异无统计学意义(t=1.61,P=0.109 3)。有配偶的精神科护士总体情绪智力得分显著高于无配偶护士,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.17,P<0.01);不同年龄段、不同职称的护士其总体情绪智力得分比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为25.34、41.20,P均<0.01)。情感耗竭中度18.6%,高度31.0%;去人格化中度24.4%,高度9.7%;个人成就感中度23.9%,高度54.9%。精神科护士情感耗竭、去人格化与总体情绪智力呈负相关(r值分别为-0.25、-0.34,P<0.05或P<0.01);个人成就感与总体情绪智力呈正相关(r=0.41,P<0.01)。结论精神科护士总体情绪智力水平与公务员相当,婚姻、年龄段、职称高低对其具有影响。精神科护士存在职业倦怠,尤其个人成就感较低显著。情绪智力对职业倦怠有影响,情绪智力越高,职业倦怠程度越轻。

Objective To investigate the status of emotional intelligence and job burnout in psychiatric nurses, and to explore the correlation between emotional intelligence and job burnout. Methods A total of 113 psychiatric nurses were investigated with Emotional Intelligence Seale（EIS）, Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI） and self-designed questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences in total EIS scores between psychiatric nurses and civil servants（65.8±14.2 vs 68.4±12.5, t= 1.61, P=0.109 3）. Compared with unmarried nurses, total EIS scores significantly increased in married nurses （t=5.17, P〈0.01）. Moreover, total EIS scores were obviously different among different ages and among different professional titles（F=25.34 and 41.20,respectiyely; P〈0.01）. Among the 113 psychiatric nurses, 18.6% had moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and 31.0% had high levels of emotional exhaustion;24.4% had moderate levels of depersonalization and 9.7% had high levels of depersonalization; 23.9% had low to moderate levels of personal accomplishment and 54.9% had high levels of personal accomplishment. Total EIS scores were correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment （r=-0.25,-0.34 and 0.41, respectively; P〈0.05 or P〈 0,01 ）. Conclusion Emotional intelligence in psychiatric nurses is equivalent to civil servants and is correlated with marriage, age and professional title. Psychiatric nurses have serious burnout, especially in nurses with low personal accomplishment. In addition, with the degree of job burnout emotional intelligence is negatively associated