发热伴血小板减少综合症39例的流行病学及临床特征分析

The clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of 39 cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

目的了解发热伴血小板减少综合症的流行病学及临床特征。方法对莱州市2011年报告的39例发热伴血小板减少综合症病例及其居住环境、该村家畜养殖及蜱虫孳生情况,采用查阅病历、群众走访、现场询问进行调查。结果发病对象以从事农业等野外活动的40岁以上的中、老年人农民为主,呈高度散发状态,居住在丘陵、山区的占多数,发病时间以5～8月份为主。患者有蜱叮咬史3例,主要症状为发热、纳差、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状及乏力、肌肉酸痛等感染中毒症状,部分病例有咳嗽等呼吸道症状,病情加重会出现抽搐、烦躁等神经系统症状。结论应加强对农村高危人群的健康教育,同时在医务人员中开展业务培训,提高诊治能力,提高治愈率。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Methods Local living conditions, breading of livestock and poultry, and tick prevalence were investigated in 39 cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome reported in the City of Laizhou in 2011. This was done by reviewing medical records, visits, and field investigations. Results Most patients were farmers age 40 and over working in hills or mountains. Onset was mostly in June to August. Three patients had been bitten by ticks. Primary symptoms included a fever, gastrointestinal symptoms such as poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting, and signs of infection such as fatigue and muscle cramps. Some patients had respiratory symptoms such as a cough. In severe cases, patients potentially had neurological symptoms such as tics and restlessness. Conclusion Health education for at--risk populations in farming villages must be enhanced and medical personnel must be given professional training to improve their ability to provide care and increase the success of that care.