日本农田水利规划的概查与精查

General Survey and Careful Exploration of Irrigation and Water Conservation in Japan

日本的农田水利规划在提高农业生产率的同时,还注重农村环境保护和农业经营管理。为此日本在土地改良中关于农田水利规划方面的调查内容非常丰富,包括规划区域的农田建设状况、主要土地改良状况、水利状况和土壤及地基承载力、区域及道路、灌溉及排水、主要作物的生产费及农户的收入、土地所有及耕地分散情况、劳动力和农户数及就业状态的动向、农户的意向等方面,都进行概查和精查,这些工作为制定亲水的、利用型的农业规划提供了详尽的基础。日本农田水利规划的调查程序与内容对我国的农田水利建设和新农村建设具有一定的借鉴与参考价值。

While trying to increase the agricultural productivity in the irrigation and water conservation planning, the Japanese al- so pay more attention to the protection of rural environment and management of agricultural business. Therefore, the survey on the irrigation projects in the farmland improvement in Japan includes many aspects, such as the farmland construction situation of the planned area, main state of the improved soil, state of water conservation, bearing capacity of soil and foundation, region and road, irrigation and drainage, production cost of main crops and income of farmers, land ownership and distribution of farm- land, number of laborers and farmers and the trend of employment,and farmers＇ will. All of the above aspects are surveyed gen- erally and accurately and they provide a detailed planning basis to make the planning of hydrophilic and usable agriculture. The survey procedure and content of the irrigation and water conservation planning in Japan offers valuable references for the irriga- tion and water conservation and new rural construction in China.